Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > Exam Three - Cortex > Flashcards

Exam Three - Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

neurons in the cerebral cortex receive input from subcortical structure via the ____ and from other areas via ______-

A

thalamus
association fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many layers does the neocortex have

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many layers does the medial temporal lobe and olfactory have

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most common type of neuron in the cerebral cortex

A

pyramidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

t or f: pyramidal cells are found in all layers

A

f - not layer one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in what layers are pyramidal cells most prominant

A

2,3,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

apical and basal dedrites are characterized by

A

dendritic spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the primary output pathway for the cerebral cortex

A

pyramidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gaint pyramidal cells of betz are found exclusively in the _______- and project to _________ in the lumbar SC

A

primary motor cortex
anterior horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

t or f: pyramidal cells are primarily glutaminergic

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do axons of pyramidal cells terminate (3)

A

1 - association cortex
2 - cross in corpus callosum
3 - project in white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

this layer has parallel running axons

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

this layer had granule cells and pyramidal

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this layer has smooth and spiny stellate cells and thalamocortical input

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pyramidal cells in the _____ give rise to corticocortical projections

A

outer cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

t or f: corticocortical fibers synapse in all layers

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this layer has pyramidal cells that project everywhere

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

homotypical

A

evenly distributed layers
ex - occipital visual association area 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

area 19

A

visual association cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hetertypical

A

not even laters
ex: primary sensory cortex
primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

area 17

A

primary visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

area 4

A

primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

area 3,1,2

A

primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in this cortex layer 4 is thick while in this cortex layer five is thick

A

primary sensory
primary motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what supplies blood to the cerebral cortex
ACA PCA MCA
26
anterior infarct
ACA and MCA
27
posterior infarct
MCA PCA
28
areas 3,12 receive input from ____ and _______
VPL and VPM
29
area 17 receives input from
lateral geniculate nucleus
30
occipital and temporal lobes are reciprocally connected with the _______-
pulvinar
31
area 41, 42
primary auditory cortex
32
auditory receives input from
medial geniculate nuclei
33
limbic-cingulate gyrus receives info from
anterior thalamic nucleus
34
area 22
wernicke's area
35
area 44,45
broca's area
36
4 functional categories of cerebral cortex
sensory motor unimodal association multimodal association
37
primary sensory area except olfaction receives info via
thalamocortical fibers
38
what is the temporal lobe involved in
audition memory language (geniculocalcarine radiations meyers loop)
39
4 clinical signs/symptoms associated with the temporal lobe
1 - kluver bucy syndrome 2 - alzheimers 3 - korsakoff syndrome 4 - wernickes aphasia
40
kluver - bucy syndrom
a condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety examines objects by mouth
41
primary sensory loss
loss of tactile localization and proprioception change in awareness of head position and movement loss of localization of sound homonymous hemianopsia
42
secondary sensory area disorders (2)
agnosia astereognosis
43
agnosia
the inability to recognize familiar objects
44
asterognosis
inability to recognize objects by sense of touch
45
apraxia
impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function may involve premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, or inferior parietal lobe
46
2 types of apraxia
verbal and constructional
47
verbal apraxia
broca's aphasia Pt knows the word but has difficulty coordinating the muscle movement
48
constructional apraxia
inability to comprehend the relationship of parts to the whole (draw and arrange objects)
49
primary motor damage is characterized by
contralateral paresis loss of isolated movements
50
dysarthria
slurred speed *primary motor cortex damage
51
unimodal association cortex
higher-order processing takes place mostly for a single sensory or motor modality, usually located adjacent to a primary motor or sensory area
52
examples of unimodal association corticeso
visual unimodal association
53
where is the visual unimodal association cortex and what does it do?
occipital lobe outside of 17 and inferior temporal lobe overall perception of visual world
54
remaining portions of the cerebral cortex that are not motor in function are classified as
multimodal association cortex
55
what are multimodal association cortices critical for
language, reasoning, planning, imagination, and creativity
56
3 multimodal association areas
posterior association area anterior association area limbic association area
57
the cerebral hemisphere that controls language is called
dominant hemisphere
58
t or f: in majority of individuals the right hemisphere is dominant
f - left
59
what 3 lobes are responsible for comprehension and expression of language
frontal, parietal, and temporal
60
broca's aphasia
condition resulting from damage to brocas area, causing the affected person to be unable to speak fluently to mispronounce words and to speak haltingly
61
what causes broca's aphasia
tumor of the mca
62
wenickes aphasia
condition resulting from damage to wenickes area, causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language
63
what causes wernickes aphasia
MCA damage thalamic tumors
64
what causes global aphasia
occluded left internal carotid artery or most proximal portion of mca ** affects both brocas and wernickes area
65
comparable areas of the _______ and ____ lobes on the right hemispheres contribute to prosody of language
frontal and temporal
66
prosody of language
variations in pitch, loudness, temp rhythm and emotions
67
parietal association cortex
spatial awareness and attention
68
where is the parietal association cortex
in the non dominant hemisphere
69
contralateral neglect
a disturbance of the patient's ability to respond to visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli on the side of the body opposite to a site of brain damage, usually the left side of the body following damage to the right parietal lobe
70
dressing apraxia
ignoring left side of body when dressing
71
what are the 4 A's
aphasia apraxia agnosia asteognosis
72
what does the prefrontal cortex do?
planning, decision making, complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, social behavior
73
In phineas gage what was damaged
left and right prefrontal cortices ** this caused him to be highly distractible, lack foresight, ambition, responsibility, and be stubborn
74
what was gage verbally aggressive but not physically
because verbal aggression is from the pre-frontal cortex (which was damaged) but physical aggression is from the amygdala
75
what were prefrontal lobotomies used for?
calming patients with OCD, chronic anxiety, schizophrenia
76
cortical stroke signs
contralateral weakness and spasticity gait and balance impairements apraxias hemianesthesia
77
cortical stroke distinguishing features
- extremities may show different degrees of involvement - visual field deficits - disorders of higher cortical functions

Neuroscience (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions