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Neuroscience > Exam Three - ANS > Flashcards

Exam Three - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ANS

A

maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

peripheral SNS is found here and includes (2)

A

Thoracolumbar
Paravertebral (sympathetic trunk) and prevertebral ganglia

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3
Q

Visceral Afferents do this (3)

A

1 - participate in reflexes
2 - provide feedback (short loop reflex)
3 - provide some visceral sensation (especially pain)

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4
Q

SNS is characterized by

A

divergence

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5
Q

What is the exception to sympathetic tone

A

pregang innervation of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla

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6
Q

in sympathetic outflow soma of the pregang neuron is in the

A

lateral horn
axons leave the SC via the ventral root

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7
Q

in sympathetic outflow projection to the postgang neuron is in

A

sympathetic chain

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8
Q

The SNS postgang receptors are normally adrenergic but what are the exceptions

A

sweat glands (cholinergic)
Smooth muscles in blood vessels of skeletal muscle

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9
Q

SNS autoreceptors on the presynaptic terminal _______ NE release via _________ feedback

A

reduce
negative

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10
Q

en passant synapse

A

axon stimulates a synapse secondarily on its way to another neuron
1 effector cell with multiple neurons

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11
Q

Atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist

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12
Q

Hexamethonium

A

ganglionic blocker

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13
Q

The ANS ganglion is an integrator of these 3 inputs

A

1 - sensory neurons
2 - preganglionic fibers
3 - interneurons

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14
Q

What modulates ANS gang

A

Neuropeptide Y, VIP

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15
Q

Synergistic action of neurotransmitters of ANS gang lead to (2)

A

Fast and slow EPSPs and IPSPs

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16
Q

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla derive from the

A

neural crest

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17
Q

T or F: Chromaffin cells have preganglionic innervation

A

T

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18
Q

Chromaffin cells acts as

A

postganglionics (they release epinephrine and norepinephrine)

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19
Q

What is the only tone of the Para SNS

A

Vagal tone of the heart

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20
Q

T or F: There is innervation of body walls and limbs in the para SNS

A

F

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21
Q

Para SNS pre to post gang neuron transmission is

A

nicotinic cholinergic

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22
Q

Where are the pregang neurons of the Vagus nerve (2)

A

1 - dorsal motor nucleus of X
2 - Nucleus ambigus

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23
Q

T or F: Vagus nuclei show viscerotopic organization

A

T

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24
Q

This is an intramural system in the GI tract

A

Enteric

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25
The enteric nervous system (ENS) consist of these 2 interconnected plexuses
1 - Myenteric 2 - Submucosal
26
The central autonomic network includes: (7)
1 - insular cortex 2 - amygdala 3 - hypothalamus 4 - periaqueductal gray 5 - parabrachial complex 6 - solitary nucleus 7 - ventrolateral medulla
27
What does the central autonomic network do
regulates autonomic outflow
28
What happens if you block post ganglionic para SNS transmission
pupillary dialation decreased pharyngeal and bronchial secretions, gut motility increased HR and BP
29
3 primary causes of autonomic neuropathy
1 - familiar dysautonmia (Riley Day syndrome) 2 - multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure (shy - drager) 3 - Parkinsons
30
Name a few secondary causes of autonomic neuropathy
amyloidosis HIV Lyme Nutritional deficiencies Trauma Porphyria
31
Porphyria
enzyme disorder that causes skin and nerve problems
32
symptoms of autonomic neuropathy (7)
1 - Dizziness 2 - urinary problems 3 - sexual difficulties 4 - difficulty digesting food 5 - sweat abnormalities 6 - sluggish pupil reaction 7 - decreased saliva secretion
33
autonomic dysreflexia
sudden onset of high blood pressure (vasoconstriction of lower 2/3) SCI at T5 or above stimulus below causes pain initiates response over activity of SNS
34
multiple system atrophy (shy drager)
degenerative disease that develops in adulthood usually in 50-60s and affects more men than women autonomic functions impaired
35
horner's syndrome
damage to the dorsolateral pons or medulla leading to profound disturbance in SNS function
36
horner syndrome symptoms
ipsilateral ptosis anhidrosis miosis erythema
37
anhidrosis
abnormal condition of no sweat
38
erythema
redness of the skin
39
3 lesions that may cause horner syndrome
1 - output from the hypothalamus 1st order 2 - pregang neurons or axons projecting to superior cervical gang (2nd order) 3 - post gang neurons or axons (3rd order)
40
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
developmental defect of the central autonomic network of the brainstem involved with respiratory drive
41
in SIDS, what may an abrupt increase in facial skin temp related to the onset of periods of apnea suggest?
there may be a broader defect in the central autonomic control
42
What are the 3 divisions of the ANS
1 - sympathetic 2 - parasympathetic 3 - Enteric
43
T or F: the SNS is continuously active
F - Parasympathetic is
44
This functions as fight or flight
sympathetic
45
this uses one neurons and used ach
somatic
46
T or F: autonomic innervation is one neuron
F - it is a 2 neuron chain (pre and post gang)
47
What neurotransmitter does the ANS use
preganglionic release ACh, postgang release ACh or norepinephrine
48
The SNS postgang fiber uses this neurotransmitter while the parasymp uses this NT
norepinephrine ACh
49
The SNS has a _______ pregang axon, while the parasymp has a ________ pregang axon
short, long
50
What are the 4 receptor types for ANS
nicotinic muscarinic alpha or beta adrenergic adrenergic
51
T or F: Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter
F - it is a hormone b/c it is released in the blood by the adrenal medulla
52
This receptor is on all ANS gang and all NMJ. It also uses ligand channels that let Na in and K out leading to depolarization
nicotinic
53
this receptor is in all parasymp but is only in sweat glands in sympathetic. it can inhibit or excite
muscarinic
54
T or F: muscarinic receptors uses ligand channels
F: G-coupled slower but is sustained longer
55
alpha and beta adrenergic is associated with
SNS neuro-effector synapse
56
how does para SNS affect HR? SNS?
it decreases it it increases it
57
the peripheral para SNS is found where in the body? what CN does it include?
craniosacral CN 3,7,9,10 Sacral (S2-4)
58
What ganglion are in the peripheral SNS
superior cervical inferior cervical middle cervical celiac inferior mesenteric superior mesenteric
59
visceral afferents travel with SNS and para SNS fibers and their cell bodies are located here
DRG
60
In the SNS the synapse between the pre and post ganglion is in ________ or ______
paravertebral chain gang prevertebral ganglion
61
the preganglionic receptors in the SNS are
cholinergic (nicotinic)
62
SNS does this to CO
increases
63
SNS can stimulate Beta receptors on muscle which does this
vasodilation to increased blood flow
64
T or F: the para SNS is more divergent than SNS
F: less
65
Para SNS neuron to target cell transmission is
muscarinic cholinergic
66
what does the vagus nerve innervate
viscera of thorax and abdomen
67
what does the enteric nervous system do
regulate motility and secretion
68
this is between longitudinal and circular muscle fibers and controls motility
myenteric
69
this regulates GI secretion and ion and water transport across intestinal epithelium
submucosal
70
What does the SNS do to the ENS? What does the para SNS do to it?
decreases activity increases activity
71
dysautonomia
disorder of autonomic nervous system
72
what is the most common cause of fainting
vasovagal syncope
73
The SNS is _______ waist up and _____- waist down
stimulatory inhibitory

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