Exam Three - Limbic System

Question 1

what does the limbic system do?

Answer 1

controls emotions and feelings

Question 2

what 4 main things make up the limbic system

Answer 2

1 - cingulate gyrus (emotions)
2 - amygdala (emotions and memory)
3 - hippocampus (learning and memory)
4 - anterior thalamus

Question 3

cingulate gyrus function

Answer 3

plays role in emotion

Question 4

hippocampus function

Answer 4

involved in learning and memory

Question 5

amygdala function

Answer 5

involved in emotions and memory

Question 6

cannon-bard theory

Answer 6

the proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously

Question 7

when transection the forebrain only in cats what happened

Answer 7

sham rage

Question 8

sham rage

Answer 8

a violent reaction to normally innocuous stimuli following removal of the cerebral cortices

Question 9

when the posterior hypothalamus was separated from the brain stem what happened

Answer 9

there was no coordinated rage response

Question 10

what did the sham rage studies show

Answer 10

the hypothalamus plays a large role in coordinating emotional behavior

Question 11

what happens when the lateral hypothalamus is stimulated

Answer 11

anger

Question 12

papez circuit

Answer 12

a limbic based circuit that was once though to constitute a largely undifferentiated “emotional” brain
- involved the hypothalamus with mamillary bodies, anterior thalamic nucleus, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus

Question 13

papez circuit pathway

Answer 13

hippocampus -> fornix -> mammillary bodies -> mammillary thalamic tract -> anterior thalamic nuclei -> cingulate gyrus

Question 14

triune brain theory

Answer 14

dividing brain regions into evolutionary age
1 - primitive reptilian
2 - limbic/mammalian
3 - neocortex

Question 15

brain one (R complex)

Answer 15

• contains brainstem, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, basal nuclei and olfactory bulbs
• housekeeping brain
• concerned with basics such as hunger, temp control, fight or flight, territory, safety

Question 16

brain 2

Answer 16

• limbic system forms brain we share with mammals
• registers reward/punishment, seat of emotion, controls autonomic nervous system

Question 17

brain 3

Answer 17

• “thinking cap”
• allows for complex social interactions and advanced planning

Question 18

microstimulation of the amygdala produces feelings of

Answer 18

fear and rage

Question 19

urbach-wiethe disease

Answer 19

a disease in which the amygdala and adjacent areas are destroyed, it leads to the impairment of emotional processing and memory for emotional material impaired learning of how to discern emotions in facial expression

Question 20

the amygdala is close to the hippocampus in this lobe

Answer 20

temporal

Question 21

3 neuron groups of the amygdala

Answer 21

1 - central
2 - medial
3 - basolateral

Question 22

this receives input from the sensory cortex of all modalities

Answer 22

basolateral nuclei

Question 23

this is the major output of the amygdala and is involved in autonomic components of emotions

Answer 23

central nuclei

Question 24

this plays a key role in innate emotional behaviors by relaying olfactory info to the hypothalamic nuclei involved in reproduction and defense

Answer 24

medial nuclei

Question 25

amygdala stimulation produces emotional behaviors through ___ pathways

Answer 25

subcortical

Question 26

stimulation of this structure can act as a reinforcer

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

these are midbrain dopaminergic neurons that form most of the mesolimbic and mesocortical projections involved in reward

Answer 27

ventral tegmental area

Question 28

what is the most effective site for stimulation? it activates the VTA indirectly

Answer 28

medial forebrain bundle

Question 29

cocain, amphetamines, and nicotine increase _____ release in the brain especially the nucleus accumbens

Answer 29

dopamine

Question 30

this is the smallest part of the cerebral hemispheres and is located in basal medial part of the temporal lobe

Answer 30

hippocampus

Question 31

what does the hippocampus do

Answer 31

learning and memory converts short term memory to long term memory

Question 32

scoville did a bilateral medial temporal lobe resection on a patient. what happened to the patien

Answer 32

he had sever anterograde impairment

Question 33

retrograde amnesia

Answer 33

an inability to retrieve info from one's past

Question 34

anterograde amnesia

Answer 34

an inability to form new memories

Question 35

episodic memory

Answer 35

personal experiences and facts

Question 36

semantic knowledge

Answer 36

general knowledge

Question 37

autonoetic consciousness

Answer 37

the human ability to mentally place ourselves in the past, in the future, or in couterfactual situations, and to thus be able to examine our own thought, our sense of self affects our behavior, in the present past and future

Question 38

autobiographical memory

Answer 38

the memory for events and facts related to one's personal life story

Question 39

perceptual memory

Answer 39

long term memory for auditory, visual, and other perceptual info

Question 40

this type of memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision making and behavior

Answer 40

working memory

Question 41

declarative memory

Answer 41

it refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events

Question 42

what happens in advanced alzheimers

Answer 42

destruction of neurons and neural connections in the cerebral cortex and significant loss of brain mass

Question 43

senile plaques

Answer 43

extracellular aggregates of amyloid peptide people with alzheimer's disease have an excessive number of such plaques

Question 44

neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 44

bundles of abnormal filaments within neurons

Question 45

where does someone with AD have neuronal loss

Answer 45

hippocampus, frontal, parietal and anterior temporal cortices, amygdala

Question 46

neurotransmitter and neuropeptide deficits in AD

Answer 46

Neuropeptide Y somatostatin ACh substance p corticotropin releasing factor

Question 47

t or f: people with down syndrome that live beyond 35 have an increased risk for developing AD

Answer 47

t

Question 48

a progressive neuronal degeneration in the neocortex of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes

Answer 48

frontotemporal dementia

Question 49

3 neurodegenerative disorders that can affect memory

Answer 49

1 - frontotemporal dementia 2 - huntingtons 3 - parkinsons

Question 50

chronic alcoholism and nutritional and B! deficiency can lead to

Answer 50

anterograde amnesia

Question 51

anterograde amnesia is characterized by damage to ________-

Answer 51

- mammillary bodies - medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus