Exam Three - Cerebellum Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
this has cellular layers for processing afferent info
A
outer cortex
2
Q
T or F: the medullary center has white matter
A
T
3
Q
what are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum
A
anterior, posterior, flocculonodular
4
Q
lobes consist of smaller divisions called
A
lobules
5
Q
how many lobules are there
A
10
6
Q
what vessels supply the cerebellum
A
PICA
AICA
SCA
7
Q
this supplies the inferior and posterior vermal and cortex anterior to those supplied by the PICA
A
AICA
8
Q
each lobule is divided into
A
folia
9
Q
what are the 3 layers of folia
A
outer molecular layer
purkinje
inner granular
10
Q
what can be found in the molecular layer
A
pukinje dendrites
parallel fibers
stellate cells
basket cells
climbing fibers
11
Q
what can be found in the granular layer
A
granule cells
mossy fibers
golgi cells
12
Q
where are the parallel fibers coming from
A
granule cells
13
Q
where are climbing fibers from
A
inferior olivary nucleus (afferent)
14
Q
wheat do the climbing fibers do
A
carry sensory integration information
15
Q
T or F: mossy fibers are efferent
A
F afferent
16
Q
what do the mossy fibers do?
A
carry proprioception and sensory info from upper and lower extremeties
17
Q
Which cells are GABAergic
A
golgi cell
purkinje
stellate
basket
18
Q
what are the glutamatergic cells
A
mossy
granule
climbing fiber
19
Q
the mossy fiber excites_________
A
granule cells
20
Q
the granule cells excites these 4 cells via the parallel fiber
A
basket
stellate
purkinje
golgi
21
Q
what does the golgi cell inhibit
A
granule cells (feedback inhibition)
22
Q
what do the stellate and basket cells inhibit
A
purkinje
23
Q
what does the climbing fiber excite
A
purkinje
24
Q
what does the purkinje fiber inhibit
A
output to the DCN
25
what composes the glomerulus
mossy and granule cells
26
by decreasing the discharge of purkinje cells via inhibitory cortical drive ______ DCN output through __________
increases disinhibition
27
the inferior olivary nucleus provide
motor sensory integrated input from cerebral cortex and spinal cord
28
this provides specific proprioceptive sensory info during movement
mossy fibers
29
feedback inhibition
inhibit input signal going to the cerebellum (ex. if you use too much force to pick up a bottle, it regulates the force to fix it)
30
feedforward inhibition
inhibits the output signal from the cerebellum (ex. estimate how much force it will take to pick up a bottle before you even move)
31
what nucleus is in the medial zone
fastigial
32
what nuclei are in the intermediate zone
1 - globos
2 - emboliform nucleus
33
what does a module consist of
1 - an area of cortex
2 - white matter core that contains afferent and efferent fibers
3 - nucleus
34
what are the 3 major modules
1 - vestibulocerebellum
2 - spinocerebellum
3 - pontocerebellum
35
what area of cortex is associated with the vestibulocerebellum module
flocculonodular lobe
adjacent portions of vermal lobule 9
36
what afferent fibers are in the vestibulocerebellum module
ipsilateral vestibular ganglion - primary fibers vestibular nuclei - secondary vestiubulocerebellar fibers
37
what efferents are found in the vestibulocerebellar module
- cerebellar corticovestibular fibers
- cerebellar corticonuclear fibers (nodular to fastigial n.)
- inhibitory pathway
38
what does the vestibulocerebellar module do
enhanced balance by coordinating postural adjustment
eye movement via VOR
39
dysfunctino of vestibulocerebellar module
imbalance
disequilibrium
nystagmus
truncal ataxia
significant swaying during standing, staggering during gait
fall
40
what cortex is associated with the spinocerebellar
- vermal (axial)
- paravermal (limbs)
41
what afferents are in the spinocerebellar tract
- dorsal/ventral spinocerebellar tract
- cuneocerebellar tract (UE)
- olivocerebellar tract (m/s integration)
42
What efferents are in the spinocerebellar tract
- cerebellar cortex to fastigial for vermal
- cerebellar to emboliform and globose nuclei for paravermal tract
43
what is the spinocerebellar tract responsible for
coordination of synergistic movement patterns needed for specific tasks
detects and aids in adjustment of movement relative to desired vs actual
44
what dysfunctions are associated with the spinocerebellum module
1 - dyssynergia
2 - dysmetria
3 - loss of movement check (rebound)
4 - ataxia of gait and stance
45
what is the cortex area for pontocerebellum
lateral cerebellum
46
what are the afferents for pontocerebellum
- pontocerebellar fibers via middle cerebral peduncle (MCP)
47
what efferents are for the pontocerebellum
cerebellar hemisphere -> dentate -> red nucleus, thalamus, pontine nuclei, reticular formation, inferior olivary nuclei
48
what is the purpose of pontocerebellar tract
planning, coordination, and temporal sequencing of movement of distal extremities (hand)
49
what are signs of dysfunction for the pontocerebellar tract
- disrupts motor planning and prolongs reaction time
- decomp of movement
- dysdiadochokinesia
- hypotonia
- dysarthia
50
dysmetria
inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action
51
dyssynergia
breakdown in movement resulting in joints being moved separately to reach a desired target as opposed to moving in a smooth trajectory, decomp of movement
52
dysarthria
slurred speech
53
ataxia
loss of muscle coordination in producing smooth movements
54
a lesion on cerebellar hemispheres or disruption of the feedback circuit between the cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex would cause?
ataxia
55
a lesion on the flocculonodular lobe or vermal region of the posterior or anterior lobes would cause?
gait ataxia
56
hypotonia is...
diminution of muscle tone
57
a lesion on the cerebellar cortex would cause...
hypotonia
58
a lesion on the vermal region of cerebellar cortex or fastigial nucleus would cause
cerebellar nystagmus
59
locomotor behaviors implicate the _____- as the site of ethanol's action
cerebellum
60
cerebellar neuropathy can be cause by
ethanol intoxication
61
T or F: synaptic plasticity involves purkinje fibers
T
62
what are the 3 functions of the cerebellum
1 - receive extensive sensory input
2 - influences motor function as a reference center
3 - plays a role in motor learning
63
T or F: the cerebellum is involved in sensory discrimination and interpretation
F
64
out of the 3 functions of the cerebellum, what are the 2 main ones
1 - coordination
2 - movement quality
65
how does the cerebellum influence movement quality
it modulates timing, duration, and magnitude of muscle contractions and interactions
66
where does the cerebellum directly receive sensory input from
directly from hair cells
67
2 parts of the inferior cerebellar peduncle
1 - restiform body
2 - juxtarestiform body
68
restiform body
fibers from spinal cord and medullar to cerebellum
69
this has reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei
juxtarestiform body
70
middle cerebellar peduncle
connects cerebellum to pons
71
what fibers are found in the middle cerebellar peduncle
pontocerebellar fibers
72
superior cerebellar peduncle
connected cerebellum to midbrain
73
the superior cerebellar peduncle contains _______ fibers that originate from cerebellar nuclei and distribute to the _______ and ________-
efferent
diencephalon and brainstem
74
3 basic structures of the cerebellum
1 - outer cortex
2 - medullary center
3 - deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)
75
the DCN has ______ nuclei that provide the primary output of the cerebellum (efferents)
4
76
what is the vermis
midline of the cerebellum that connects the 2 hemispheres
77
where can the primary fissure be found
between anterior and posterior lobe
78
this separates the posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe
posterolateral fissue
79
lobule 1-5 is
anterior
80
lobule 6-9
posterior
81
lobule 10
dlocculonodular
82
this artery supplies the posterolateral medullar and inferior posterior surface of the cerebellum
PICA
83
this artery supplies the superior surface, deep branches that supply most of the nuclei and superior and inferior peduncle
SCA
84
what can be found in the purkinje layer
purkinje cells
85
this provides info encoded for timing
climbing fibers
86
this encodes info for duration and magnitude
mossy fiber
87
what are the 3 zones of the cerebellum
1 - medial (vermal)
2 - intermediate (paravermal)
3 - lateral (hemisphere)
88
what nucleus is in the lateral zone
dentate
89
dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapid alternating movements
90
rebound phenomena
inability to halt forceful movements after resistive stimulus removed, patient unable to stop sudden limb movement
