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HISTOPATHOLOGY > EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY > Flashcards

EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Histology of exfoliated, abraded, or desquamated cells. study or histology of the cells that are being removed from the body.

A

Cytology

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2
Q

Study of cells directly taken from surfaces of excised specimens by touching them

A

Imprint/Abraded Cytology

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3
Q

Microscopic study of desquamated cells from epithelial surfaces. Study of cells that have been shed or physically removed.

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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4
Q

test to identify this asymptomatic cancer.

A

Papsmear

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5
Q

distance of spray fixative

A

12 inches or 1 foot away

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6
Q

optimal time of smear preparation

A

1 hour

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7
Q

Best (yet flammable) fixative

A

95% Ethanol-Ether

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8
Q

Routinely used fixative

A

95% Ethanol

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9
Q

If smears cannot be made immediately, place the
collected material in … and replaced by

A

50% alcohol; saccamono’s preservative

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10
Q

Saccamono’s preservative

A

50% Ethanol
2% Carbowax

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11
Q

storage for smear prep

A

add ROH and refrigerate

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12
Q

% for pleural/peritoneal

A

50%

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13
Q

% for sputum

A

70%

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14
Q

% for urine, bronchial, gastric

A

95% alcohol

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15
Q

air-dry for 10-15 minutes after 2
hours of fixation and place it in a container

A

Mailed Specimen

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16
Q

if there is a huge amount of specimen you must centrifuge it at what rpm and how many minutes

A

2000; 2 minutes

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17
Q

specimens needed in general processing

A

viscous specimen
mucoid specimen
bloody specimen
watery specimen

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18
Q

in viscous specimen you must immerse it in

A

ether alcohol

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19
Q

how to destroy rbc

A

adding 2-5 mL of concentrated
Acetic Acid per 100 mL of the
specimen.

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20
Q

For adequate adhesion of smeared material.

A

adhesion

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21
Q

not recommended because it will retain the OG (Orange Green) of Pap stain.

A

albumin

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22
Q

Specimens that require adhesives:

A

Urinary sediment
Bronchialveolar lavage
Specimens with proteolytic enzymes (saliva)
Concentrated sputum

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23
Q

Examples of good adhesives

A

Pooled serum/Plasma
Celloidin Ether Alcohol
Leuconostoc Culture

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24
Q

2 major areas of specimens

A

non-gynecologic specimens
gynecologic specimens

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25
Demonstrate abnormal cells early in disease
Sputum
26
how many samples of sputum is needed and what time of the day and interval per sample
3; morning; 1 hour interval
27
Patients unable to produce sputum
induced sputum inhalation of aerosol solution for 20 minutes
28
Absence of ... and ... indicates that only saliva was collected.
histiocytes alveolar macrophages
29
what technique should be used in bronchial brushing
pull-apart technique
30
Performed in patients with AIDS to rule out Pneumocystis jirovecci infection
Bronchoalveolar Lavage/Bronchial Washing
31
Pneumocystis jirovecci
causative agent of pneumonia
32
old name of Pneumocystis jirovecci
Pneumocystis carinii
33
how should you collect broncial aspirate
aspiration washing
34
in bronchial aspirate, you should centrifuge the specimen for how many minutes
20-30minutes
35
an indication of the doctor that is really a bronchial aspirate
presence of cilia
36
methods to be used in gastrointestinal specimens
through the mouth levine method
37
collection mode of gastrointestinal specimens
irrigation aspiration
38
how long do we need to wait before collecting gastrointesinal specimens
8 hours fasting before gastric washing
39
For the extraction of peritoneal, pleural, pericardial fluid
Paracentesis
40
Presence of malignant cells usually indicate
metastasis
41
in ppp smears, how many units of heparin do we need per 100mL of aspirate to avoid clots
300 units
42
test used to differentiate transudate and exudates in patients
revalta's test
43
first sample of urine in men is not acceptable because?
the urine sits too long in the bladder that's why we need to collect the 2nd sample in the morning
44
why females need to use a catheter when collecting the urine
the vagina is prone to bacterial contamination
45
mL of urine needed for routine testing
50mL
46
mL of urine needed for drug testing
60mL
47
For hormonal imbalance testing
breast secretion
48
if there is blood present in breast secretion it means there is
benign intraductal papilloma
49
how many mL of sample needed in csf
1mL
50
manner of extraction in csf; to numb the area
lumbar puncture
51
how many urine specimens are needed in prostatic secretion
3
52
Screening test for precancerous condition; Recommended for females (35 yrs old and above)
vaginal and cervical smears
53
if the female has a child she is recommended to undergo ...
Pap smear
54
junction of endocervical mucosa
Transformation Zone
55
collection of vaginal and cervical smears
aspiration of posterior fornix swabbing
56
Samples of endocervical canal
Endocervical brush
57
Patients with hysterectomy
Vaginal scrape
58
For hormonal evaluation
Lateral vaginal scrape
59
For localization of vaginal adenosis
Four Quadrant vaginal scrape
60
what is adenosis
benign type of malignancy
61
For detection of herpetic lesions or carcinoma
Vulvar scrape
62
Staining method of choice; Developed by Dr. George Papanicolau; Detects human uterine and cervical CA.
papanicolau staining method
63
stains used in papanicolau method
hematoxylin OG6 eosin azure
64
the cell stained is nuclear structure
hematoxylin
65
the cell stained is the cytoplasm of matured cell
OG6
66
the cell stained is cytoplasm of immature cell
eosin azure
67
modified pap's method
Bismarck’s brown dye from the EA solution
68
Inexpensive Not commonly used nowadays Performed regularly even in pregnant women without undue risk
vaginal hormonal cytology
69
recommended only in vaginal hormonal studies
wooden spatula
70
Abundant during proliferating phase
mature superficial cells
71
Abundant during secretory phase
intermediate cells
72
● Boat-shaped ● Folds/curls on edges ● Estrogen-progesterone effect ● Latter half of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause
navicular cells
73
● Round, oval cells ● Translucent basophilic cytoplasm at the center of cell due to central glycogen accumulation ● Eccentric nucleus ● Double walled boundary with deep blue stain at the cytoplasmic periphery
pregnancy cells
74
● Smaller than intermediate cells ● Thick, round to oval ● Smaller strongly basophilic cytoplasmic area ● Larger vesicular nucleus than intermediate cells ● 2 weeks of age to puberty, after childbirth, abortions, and after menopause
parabasal cells
75
Found before puberty and after menopause
basal cells
76
Like parabasal cells; slightly cylindrical; During and 1-4 days after menstruation
endometrial cells
77
● Occur in large group or sheets ● Honeycomb appearance ● Finely vacuolated pale blue/gray cytoplasm
endocervical glandular cells
78
Most common normal vaginal flora
Lactobacillus acidophilus
79
pH of vagina
acidic
80
Numerous in: last trimester of pregnancy, infection, estrogen deficiency, DM
doderlein bacilli
81
Decreased number of doderlein bacilli leads to increase in population of invasive and with the presence of
Lepthothrix species; Trichomonas vaginalis.
82
"fern”/palm-leaf pattern of salt crystals; Basis for diagnosing early pregnancy
ferning phenomenon
83
Absence of atypical or abnormal cells
CLASS I
84
Atypical Cytologic Picture but no evidence of malignancy
CLASS II
85
Cytologic picture suggestive but not conclusive of malignancy
CLASS III
86
Cytologic picture strongly suggestive of malignancy
CLASS IV
87
Cytologic picture conclusive of malignancy
CLASS V
88
The second best choice after Pap’s staining; Used for hormonal evaluation of gynecologic specimen and for cancer detection
phase contrast microscopy
89
Determines the dry weight or individual cells or cellular constituents
interference microscopy
90
if AOFT binds to DNA and it increases the result is
malignancy
91
if AOFT binds to RNA and it increases the result is
growth

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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