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HISTOPATHOLOGY > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of applying dyes on the sections

A

staining

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2
Q

To see and study the architectural pattern of the
tissue, the physical characteristics of the cells,
and the structural relationship of the tissue and
their cells

A

staining

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3
Q

Nucleus (acidic) attracts what dye

A

basic dye

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4
Q

cytoplasm (basic) attracts what dye

A

acidic dye

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5
Q

Direct interaction between the
composition of the tissues and the stain solution being used in the process

A

Histological Staining

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6
Q

applying dye through a chemical reaction

A

Histochemical Staining

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7
Q

Combination of immunologic and
histochemical techniques allowing to
look for phenotypic markers onto the
tissues

A

Immunohistochemical Staining

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8
Q

special procedures being performed in the histopathology lab, meaning, these are rarely performed compared to
Histological staining

A

Histochemical and Immunohistochemical staining

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9
Q

no other processes involved, sections are stained with simple Aqueous or
Alcoholic Solutions

A

direct staining

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10
Q

Involves the usage of Mordant in order for the stain to interact or stay on the tissue

A

indirect staining

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11
Q

“link or bridge” between tissue and
dye; added with dye (lake)

A

mordant

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12
Q

accelerate the speed of staining

A

accentuator

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13
Q

Follows a definite sequence and the concentration is ALWAYS increasing

A

progressive staining

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14
Q

Tissue is first overstained; decolorized
Decreasing

A

regressive staining

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15
Q

selective removal of excess stain

A

Differentiation/Decolorization

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16
Q

Forms a soluble salt with the metal so that the latter is dissolved out

A

Acid Differentiator

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17
Q

Oxidizes the dye to a colorless substance

A

Oxidizing Differentiator

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18
Q

If the primary stain is basic, the decolorizer is acidic, and vice-versa

A

Mordant Differentiator

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19
Q

acts as a differentiator for both
basic and acidic dye

A

alcohol

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20
Q

Stains tissue with a color that is different from that of the stain itself

A

metachromatic staining

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21
Q

what metachromatic stain is used on mast cells

A

toluidine blue

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22
Q

what metachromatic stain is used on reticulocytes

A

cresyl blue

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23
Q

Application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background staining

A

counterstaining

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24
Q

stains used in cytoplasmic

A

○ Eosin Y
○ Picric Acid
○ Lissamine Green

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25
stains used in nuclear
○ Neutral Red ○ Hematoxylin ○ Safranin O
26
General relationship of tissues and cells
microanatomical staining
27
structures found in the cytoplasm and nucleus
cytoplasmic staining
28
stain for bacterial morphology
negative staining
29
Demonstration of tissue elements by the use of metallic salts (colorless solutions)
metallic impregnation
30
produce an opaque or black deposits on the tissue
metallic salts
31
part of the tissue that had bacteria on it
black deposits
32
Selective staining of living cells
vital staining
33
stain for RER
trypan blue
34
stain for mitochondria
janus green
35
Done by injecting the dye into any part of animal body
intravital staining
36
to demonstrate the uterus in the gravid helminths in parasitology
india ink
37
Stains living cells immediately after removing from the living body
supravital staining
38
two types of stains and staining solutions
natural dyes synthetic dyes
39
active coloring agent of hematoxylin
hematin
39
Derived from Hematoxylin campechianium From the heartwood of a mexican tree Originally found in Campeche, Mexico. Most valuable stain used
hematoxylin
40
types of hematoxylin
Alum Hematoxylin Iron Hematoxylin Copper Hematoxylin
41
Progressive staining Counterstained with Eosin, Congo Red Safranin
Alum Hematoxylin
42
For differential or regressive staining
Iron Hematoxylin
43
Used for the process of spermatogenesis
Copper Hematoxylin
44
Derived from female Coccus cacti (Cochineal bug). Widely used a powerful chromatin and nuclear stain
conchineal dyes
44
“Coal Tar Dyes”; derived from Hydrocarbon benzene
aniline dyes
45
When treated with Alum, will be termed as
Carmine
46
dye appears in the tissue
Chromophores
46
for Neuropathological studies
Carmine w/ Picric Acid
47
for Glycogen Demonstration, considered as the best Carmine stain
Carmine w/ Aluminum Chloride
48
Derived from Lichens; a vegetable dye For staining Elastic Fibers
orcen
49
gives color to the dye
Chromogens
50
For regressive staining Cartilage and cement lines of bones: Blue
Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin
50
soluble in alcohol but not in water
Neutral dye
50
base must be Sodium
Acid dye
50
staining time for PTAH
12-24 hrs
50
Routine nuclear staining Exfoliative cytology Sex chromosomes
Harris Hematoxylin
50
staining time for coles Hematoxylin
10 mins
50
what color does PTAH produce for Nuclei, fibrin, muscle striations, myofibrils, fibroglia
blue
50
based must be HCl
Basic dye
50
Mucopolysaccharide Nuclear staining
Mayer’s Hematoxylin
51
staining time for ehrlichs hematoxylin
15-40 mins
51
staining time for harris Hematoxylin
5-20 mins
51
Routine Purposes Used in sequence with Celestine Blue
Coles Hematoxylin
51
Demonstrating muscle fibers and connective tissue Recommended when the preceding stains contain acid
Weigert’s Hematoxylin Solutions
51
Demonstrates structure in paraffin, celloidin, and frozen section
Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)
51
Cytological stain recommended for regressive staining of thin sections Demonstration of chromatin, chromosomes, nucleoli, centrosomes, and mitochondria Voluntary muscle striation and myelin
Heidehain’s Hematoxylin
52
what color does PTAH produce for Collagen, bone, cartilage
Orange-Red or Brownish Red to Deep Red Stain
52
Staining connective tissue and cytoplasm differentially
eosin
53
Basic nuclear stain; diagnosis of Diphtheria; Fresh sputum; Aerogenes bac
methylene blue
53
MB is heated with fixed alkali/alkali carbonate
methyl violet
53
Sub for Thionine in FFT For Nissl granules
toluidine blue
54
Amyloid in FFT; Platelets For Hematology
crystal violet
55
Counterstaining of epithelial sections
aniline blue
56
Plasma stain for Acid-fast organism
basic fuchsin
57
Ascaris eggs and erythrocyte; Bacterial spore stain Both decolorizer and counterstain Usually for Parasitology
malachite green
58
Contrast stain for Gran’s staining
bismarck brown
59
Utilized for manufacture of paints
prussian blue
60
Acid mucopolysaccharide
alcian blue
61
For Embryos
congo red
62
For Mitochondria
janus green
63
Substitute for Carbole Fuchsin
night blue
64
Used to stain lipids or fats
lysochromes
65
stain specific for lipids
sudan
66
For Phospholipids & Neutral Lipids 0.5% solution boiled in 70% ethanol
sudan black
67
For neutral lipids only 2% Benzoic acid in 70% Alcohol
sudan IV
68
Fat stain for CNS
sudan III
69
Should always be distilled
water
70
Ethyl alcohol or Methyl alcohol
alcohol
71
10cc added to every 1⁄2 to 1 L of hot distilled water
aniline water
72
Holes 5-9 slides
coplin jar
72
Aqueous solution of 0.5-5%
phenol
72
To protect the specimen form physical injury
mounting of sections
73
Holds 5-19 slides
slotted staining dishes
74
Holds 10-30 slides
metal/glass staining rack/carries
74
recommended time for mounting
10 years
75
RI of good mounting medium
1.518
76
for water-miscible preparations
aqueous media
76
used when dehydration and clearing with Xylene cannot be made
glycerin jelly
77
RI for glycerin jelly
1.47
78
Farrant’s Medium
gum arabic
79
RI of gum arabic
1.43
80
RI for apathy's medium
1.52
81
Preparations that have been dehydrated and cleared in Xylene and Toluene
resinous media
82
RI for canada balsam
1.524
83
RI for dpx
1.532
84
RI for xam
1.520
85
RI for permount
1.518
86
RI for clarite
1.544
87
Process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to prevent escape of fluid
ringing
88
2 parts of paraffin wax mixed with 4-9 parts powdered Colophonium Resin
Kronig Cement

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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