EXPERIMENT 17

Question 1

The etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human retrovirus known as[?].

Answer 1

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV – 1 and 2)

Question 2

Retroviruses are defined as viruses that contain as single positive – stranded RNA, which contain the virus’ genetic formation, and a special enzyme known as[?] in their core.

Answer 2

reverse transcriptase

Question 3

This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.

Answer 3

reverse transcriptase

Question 4

The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of [?] to the virus.

Answer 4

antibodies

Question 5

This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.

Answer 5

reverse transcriptase

Question 6

The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of [?] to the virus.

Answer 6

antibodies

Question 7

In serology, it is the main purpose why most test done in bacteriology (back-up for serology), because what is determined is the [?] itself.

Answer 7

antigen

Question 8

However, since it is a culture, it hard to let it grow. Unlike in serologic test, it is easier to see the infection if the [?] are used in the test.

Answer 8

antibodies

Question 9

Why is there still no vaccine when it was discovered long time ago? That is because of the [?]

Answer 9

reverse transcriptase

Question 10

this special enzyme makes it hard for the vaccine makers, especially that it can convert RNA into DNA, as oppose to the normal process where DNA is converted to RNA and RNA to protein

Answer 10

reverse transcriptase

Question 11

REAGENTS:

Answer 11

Test kit (cassette) for HIV – 1 and 2 antibodies

Question 12

SAMPLE:

Answer 12

Plasma or serum (should be free from contamination, hemolysis and lipemia)

Question 13

PRINCIPLE:

Answer 13

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 14

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY

Also called as

Answer 14

rapid test kits

Question 15

The assay will start with a sample applied to the sample well to which a sample diluent is immediately added.

Question 16

A [?] conjugated to colloidal gold embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HIV antibody present in serum or plasma in the patient, forming conjugate – HIV antibody complex.

Answer 16

recombinant HIV antigen

Question 17

The reagent that is incorporated in the sample pad in the test kit will contain HIV antigen that is conjugated to the [?].

Answer 17

colloidal gold

Question 18

The [?] is detected in the serum or plasma.

Answer 18

HIV antibody

Question 19

If HIV antibody is present, it will combine with the [?] which is conjugated to the colloidal gold.

Answer 19

HIV antigen

Question 20

It will form a complex

Question 21

As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate – HIV antibody complex is captured by [?] immobilized on a membrane forming a colored test band in the test region.

Answer 21

recombinant HIV antigen

Question 22

At least [?] are added on the sample pad (May vary; check for manufacturer’s instructions)

Answer 22

3 drops

Question 23

If antibodies are present, HIV antigen conjugated with a colloidal gold complex will combine with the [?] in the patient. It will form a complex.

Answer 23

HIV antibody

Question 24

This complex will be allowed to migrate along the [?].

Answer 24

test strip/pad

Question 25

The conjugate HIV antibody complex is captured by another reagent in the test pad which is the [?] immobilized on the membrane forming a colored test band in the test region

Answer 25

recombinant HIV antigen

Question 26

A [?] does not produce a test line due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate – HIV antibody complex.

Answer 26

negative sample

Question 27

The antigens used in the conjugate test are recombinant proteins that correspond to [?].

Answer 27

highly immunoreactive regions of HIV – 1 and HIV – 2

Question 28

A colored control band is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to [?] immobilized on the membrane.

Answer 28

anti – HIV antibody

Question 29

The [?] indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional.

Answer 29

control line

Question 30

The [?] indicates that the test is invalid.

Answer 30

absence of the control band

Question 31

This is a [?] not a confirmatory test for HIV

Answer 31

screening test

Question 32

HIV ANTIBODY RAPID TEST- USED IN UB CLINICAL LABORATORY - Bring the kit components and specimen to room temperature - Remove the test card from the sealed foil pouch - Label the test card with patient’s identity - Dispense [?] of the sample to the center of the sample well marked as “S” - Wait for [?] then read the result INTERPRETATION: [?] - brand of test kit we use in UBCL is [?] - Philippines is strict in using HIV test kits - First requirement (HIV Analyst) - UBCL HIV analyst – [?]

Answer 32

3 drops 15-25 minutes nonreactive INTECH Gio Wallis, Faith Kelly, Bernadette Egtapen

Question 33

If the test is stored in the refrigerator, make sure to remove the test from the ref beforehand.

Answer 33

HIV/SYPHILIS/HBV/HCV PANEL RAPID TEST

Question 34

HIV/SYPHILIS/HBV/HCV PANEL RAPID TEST Contents of the test kit:

Answer 34

plastic droppers 2 sample diluents individually sealed foiled pouch

Question 35

- this contains one cassette containing an HIV/Syphilis cassette on the left and HBV/HCV cassette on the right.

Answer 35

individually sealed foiled pouch

Question 36

Before using the cassette check for [?].

Answer 36

expiration

Question 37

For plasma/serum store specimens at [?] if not tested immediately for up to [?].

Answer 37

2-8 degree Celsius 5 days

Question 38

Open the pouch and remove the device placing it on a [?].

Answer 38

flat surface

Question 39

Samples should be at [?] prior to testing

Answer 39

room temperature

Question 40

Label the device with the [?].

Answer 40

specimen ID number

Question 41

Dispense [?] into each sample well. No bubbles.

Answer 41

one drop

Question 42

Immediately add [?] sample diluent into the center of each sample well with the bottle positioned vertically

Answer 42

one drop

Question 43

PINK CAP= WHITE CAP=

Answer 43

For HIV/Syphilis cassette For HBV/HCV cassette

Question 44

Set timer for[?]. Read results at [?]. Results after [?] is INVALID. For plasma/serum, store specimens [?] if not tested immediately for [?]. Make sure that when dispensing the sample and the sample diluent that the dropper and bottle are held [?]. Make sure not to [?] the sample well. Do not switch the sample diluents.

Answer 44

15 min 15 min- 20 min 20 min 2-8 C; 2-5 days vertically overload

Question 45

[?]is for HIV/Syphilis cassette.

Answer 45

PINK CAP

Question 46

is for HBV/HCV cassette

Answer 46

WHITE CAP

Question 47

Make sure to read results after

Answer 47

15-20 mins

Question 48

Distinct colored band appears on the Test region (T) in addition to a colored band on the Control region (C) = POSITIVE; REPORTING is

Answer 48

REACTIVE

Question 49

Just like any other test na magpopositive when it comes to your rapid test kits. Pag positive yan we are going to

Answer 49

reapeat the test in duplicate

Question 50

No colored band appears on the Test region (T) but distinct colored band appears on the Control region (C); REPORTING is

Answer 50

NONREACTIVE

Question 51

Neither Test (T) nor Control (C) colored band appears, or colored band only appears on the test region (T) but not on the Control region (C)

Answer 51

The specimen should be tested again using a new device

Question 52

TAKE NOTE: we are going the result as [?] depending on the interpretation of the test kit

Answer 52

REACTIVE or NONREACTIVE

Question 53

No line on the test and control region

Answer 53

invalid

Question 54

There is a line on the test region but not on the control region

Answer 54

invalid

Question 55

Repeat the test again

Answer 55

invalid

Question 56

The name of the test kit, manufacturer, lot number, date performed and expiration of the test kit, the patient’s name, patient ID number, and the result

Question 57

Result: [?] depending on the interpretation of the test kit

Answer 57

Reactive or Nonreactive