POST LAB EXPERIMENT 12

Question 1

Stages of Typhoid fever:

Answer 1

a. Incubation phase
b. Septicemia phase
c. Localization phase

Question 2

When (?) reaches the gut via contaminated food or water it will undergo the following stages

Answer 2

Salmonalla typhi

Question 3

• It ranges from 10-14 days

Answer 3

Incubation phase

Question 4

• When the bacilli will reach the GIT, most of them are destroyed.

Answer 4

Incubation phase

Question 5

• These cells will then enter the mesenteric lymph nodes and multiplication of the bacteria occurs

Answer 5

Incubation phase

Question 6

• After multiplication, the bacteria enter the blood stream and causes primary infection.

Answer 6

Incubation phase

Question 7

• During this stage the bacteria entered to the gall bladder, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs and kidney and further multiplication occurs

Answer 7

Septicemia phase

Question 8

• After multiplication it enters the blood and causes secondary multiplication

Answer 8

Septicemia phase

Question 9

• During this time, they produce toxins that causes fever and other symptoms

Answer 9

Septicemia phase

Question 10

• Some of the fully grown bacilli will be localized in the organs like liver, gall bladder, spleen.

Answer 10

Localization phase

Question 11

• The tissues become inflamed and will undergo necrosis that will result in typhoid ulcer

Answer 11

Localization phase

Question 12

• Later this ulcer leads to hemorrhage and perforation

Answer 12

Localization phase

Question 13

• Typhoid fever develops approximately (?) days after ingestion of the organism

Answer 13

9 to 14

Question 14

During the (?) weeks of disease the patient generally experiences sustained fever with prolonged bacteremia

Answer 14

second and third

Question 15

are the primary antigenic structures used in salmonellae.

Answer 15

Somatic O antigens and flagellar H antigens

Question 16

Afew strains may possess (?) designated Vi antigens.

Answer 16

capsular (K) antigens

Question 17

• specific phase

Answer 17

Phase I

Question 18

• nonspecific phase

Answer 18

Phase II

Question 19

• occur only in few serotypes and determine
  the immunologic identity of the particular serotype.

Answer 19

Phase I flagellar antigens

Question 20

• agglutinate only with homologous antisera.

Answer 20

Phase I antigens

Question 21

• occur among several strains.

Answer 21

Phase II flagellar antigens

Question 22

• react with heterologous antisera

Answer 22

Phase II antigens

Question 23

It is a 5-minute semiquantitative colorimetric test for typhoid
fever.

Answer 23

Tubex

Question 24

• It detects anti-Salmonella O9 antibodies from a patient’s serum.

Answer 24

Tubex

Question 25

- Used to specifically detect soluble O9 lipopolysaccharide in an antigen-spiked buffer

Answer 25

Tubex

Question 26

Typhidot is done on a

Answer 26

dot ELISA kit

Question 27

is expected to become positive within 2–3 days of infection.

Answer 27

The Typhidot test

Question 28

The test is based on the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies.

Answer 28

The Typhidot test

Question 29

detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of the Salmonella typhi.

Answer 29

Typhidot

Question 30

The toxins are continuously produced

Answer 30

Localization phase

Question 31

Some of the bacilli will survive and attaches to the epithelial cells of villi.

Answer 31

Incubation phase

Question 32

The Typhidot test shows recent infection signifies remote infection.

Answer 32

IgM IgG