F1. SYSTEMATIC ERRORS & CONFOUNDING.

Question 1

Systematic Errors are due to?

Answer 1

1. DEVIATIONS from the truth.
2. BIAS.
   a. selection
   b. information
   c. confounding

Question 2

Types of Biases.
1. choosing non-representative samples
2. inaccurate information collected from sample. MISCLASSIFICATIONS.

Answer 2

1. SELECTION BIAS.
2. INFORMATION BIAS.

Question 3

2 types of MISCLASSIFICATION:

Answer 3

1. DIFFERENTIAL/ NON-RANDOM
2. NON-DIFFERENTIAL/ RANDOM

Question 4

occurs when RATES OF ERROR DIFFER in the groups being compared.

different errors by group depicts the OVER/ UNDER ESTIMATION OF VALUE.

Answer 4

DIFFERENTIAL/ NON-RANDOM misclassification.

Question 5

occurs when ERRORS are in SIMILAR PROPORTION in groups being compared.

example:
group 1 error = 5%
group 2 error = 5%

Answer 5

NON-DIFFERENTIAL/ RANDOM misclassification.

Question 6

sources of misclassifications?

Answer 6

1. instrument.
2. subjects.
3. observer.

Question 7

• Mixing the effect of the exposure on the disease with that of a 3rd factor
• there is a THIRD VARIABLE that is possibly related exposure & outcome.
• it is also known as the RISK FACTOR in the development of the disease.
• Can lead to over / under estimation of the association

we call the THIRD VARIABLE as?
- it is ASSOCIATED with the EXPOSURE.
- RISK FACTOR of the OUTCOME/DISEASE.

Answer 7

CONFOUNDING.

CONFOUNDER.

Question 8

True or False:

In CONFOUNDER.
- one of the variable should be removed or ruled out whether we are determining the validity of the causal relationship.

Answer 8

TRUE. Basta tandaan lang yung principle ni VALIDITY OF THE ASSOCIATION.