FA Rapid Review - key associations Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
actinic (solar) keratosis
A
precursor to squamous cell carcioma
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
skin lesions of crohn
5
Q
dissecting aneurysm
A
HTN
6
Q
aortic aneurysm, abd and ascending
A
atherosclerosis
7
Q
aortic aneurysm of arch
A
tertiary syphilis
vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
ascending aorta aneurysm
A
Marfan (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
atrophy of mamillary bodies
A
wernicke encephalopathy 2/2 thiamine def
10
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
sickle cell anemia
11
Q
bacteria a/w gastriis, PUD, stomach cancer
A
h pylori
12
Q
bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
strep pneumo
13
Q
bacterial meningitis of newborn
A
GBS, strep pneumo, meningocococcus
14
Q
benign melanocytic nevus (mole)
A
spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
15
Q
bleeding d/o w/GpIb def
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in plt adhesion to vWF)
16
Q
brain tumor in adults
- supratentorial
A
mets > astrocytoma > meningioma > schwanoma
17
Q
brain tumor in kids
intratenro
supratent
A
infra: medulloblastom (cerebellum)
supra: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
bresat cancer
A
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopause woman)
20
Q
benign breast tumor
A
fibroadenoma
21
Q
primary cardiac tumor in kids
A
rhabdomyoma … often in TS
22
Q
cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis affecting both sides of MV
23
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
chiari II
24
Q
autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis
A
predisposition to gastric carcinoma or pernicious anemia
25
clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
DES exposure in utero
26
compression fracture
osteoporosis
27
congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypotension
21-hydroxylase def
28
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
29
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
dubin-johnson syndrome (liver can't secrete conjugated bili into bile)
30
constrictive pericarditis
TB or SLE
31
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
32
cretinism (stunted physical and mental growth)
iodine def / hypothyroidism
33
cushing syndrome (4)
1. corticosteroid therapy
2. adrenocortical adenoma that secretes
3. ACTH-secreting pituitary
4. paraneoplastic Cushing from ACTH secreting tumors
34
early cyanosis (3)
1. tet
2. truncus
3. transposition
35
late cyanosis (3)
1. vsd
2. asd
3. pda
36
death in CML from what
blast crisis
37
death in SLE from what
lupus nephropathy
38
DIC seen in what (6)
1. major surgery
2. severe sepsis
3. obstetric complications
4. cancer
5. burns
6. trauma
39
diverticulum in pharynx
| - how diagnosed
Zenker
| barium
40
esophageal cancer
- US
- wrold
US: adenocarcinoma
world: squamous cell carcinoma
41
exotoxin mediated food poisoning
staph aureus
| b. cereus
42
glomerulonephritis in adult
berger disease (IgA)
43
most common gyn malignany
US
world
US: endometrial
world: cervical
44
most common congenital heart murmur
mitral valve prolapse
45
most common helminth infections in US (2)
enterobius vermicularis
| ascaris lumbricoides
46
HCC associated with what? (3)
1. HCV
2. HBv
3. chronic alcholism
47
most common hereditary bleeding d/o
von willebrand dz
48
hereditary harmless jaundce
gilbert syndrome
| unconjugated biliribuniemia
49
HLA-B27 seen in what conditions (4)
1. ankylosing spondylitis
2. RA
3. UC
4. psoriatic arthritis
50
HLA-DR3 or DR4 seen inw hat contidionts (3)
1. DM-I
2. RA
3. SLE
51
holosystolic murmurs in what? (3)
VSD, TVR, MVR
52
virchow triad?
1. hypercoagulable
2. endothelial damage
3. blood stasis
virchow hates: sitting still in a damaged and hectic environment
53
most common cause of secondary HTN
renal disease
54
most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroid removal
55
most common infection 2/2 blood transfusion
HBV
56
most common infections in chronic granulomatous disease
staph aureus
e coli
aspergillus
they're all catalase +, so prevent formation of ROS to fight infection
57
types of kidney stones
calcium
struvite
uric acid
58
calcium kidney stones are
radiopaque
59
struvite kidney stones are
| - formed by what
radiopaque
| - formed by urease + organisms like proteus vulgaris or staph
60
uric acid stones are
radioluscent
61
most common cause of liver disease
alcohol
62
most common lysosomal storage d/o
gaucher
63
gaucher
- def in what enzyme
- buildup of what
beta-glucocerebrosidase
| glucocerebroside
64
most common male cancer
prostate carcinoma
65
most common malignancy a/w noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
66
most common malignancy in kids (2)
ALL
| meduloblastoma of cerebellum
67
most common mets to bone
prostate, breast> lung. thyroid
68
most common mets to brain
lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
69
most common mets to liver
colon >>> stomach, pancreas
70
most common cause of MVS
rheumatic fever
71
myocarditis causing infection
coxsackie B
72
most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
FSGS
73
most common nephrotic syndrome in kids
MCD
74
most common neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome
| - hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
75
most common opportunistic inf in AIDS
pneumocystis jirovecii PNA
76
most common cause of osteomyelitis
staph aureus
77
most common osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
78
most common cause of osteomyelitis in IV drug users
pseudomonas and staph aureus
79
what are ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer called
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
80
most common ovarian tumor (benign and b/l)
serous cystadenoma
81
most common malignant ovarian tumor
serous cystadenocarcinoma
82
most common cause of acute pancreatitis (2)
gallstones
| alcohol
83
most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
- adults
- kids
adults: alcohol
kids: CF
84
```
ages of pts with:
ALL
CLL
AML
CML
```
ALL child
CLL > 60
AML adult ~65
CML adult 30-60
85
common PID infections
chlamydia and gonorrhea
86
philadelphia chromosome
- what is it
- what does it code
- what condition
- t(9;22)
- bcr-abl
- CML ... sometimes ALL/AML
87
most common primary amenorrhea
turner
88
most common primary bone tumor in adults
MM
89
most common primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
90
most common primary liver acancer
HCC 2/2 chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 AT def
91
most common cause of pulmonary HTN
COPD
92
most common cause of recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease
| smokers
93
most common renal tumor
| what's its paraneoplastic syndroeme
RCC a/w VHL and cigarettes
EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH
94
common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
95
most common STD
chlamydia
96
most common cause of SIADH
small cell carcinoma of lung
97
most common site of diverticula
left colon (sigmoid)
98
most common sites of athero
abd aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
99
most common stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
100
most common cause of stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
zollinger ellison syndrome 2/2 gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
101
t(14;18)
- what does it code
- what condition
- bcl-2 activation
| - follicular lymphoma
102
t(8;14)
- what does it code
- what condition
- c-myc activation
| - burkitt lymphoma
103
t(9;22)
- what does it code
- what condition
- bcr-abl fusion and activation
| - CML
104
temporal arteritis a/w what condition
polymyalgia rheumatica
105
most common thyorid cancer
papillary carcinoma
106
most common testicular tumor
seminoma
107
most common tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dep)
108
most common tumor of infancy
| - what happens to them
hemangioma
| - usu spontaneously regress by childhood
109
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
pheo
110
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in kids
neuroblastoma (malignant)
111
most common type of Hodgkin
nodular sclerosis
- as opposed to mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
112
most common Non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
113
most common UTI infection
E. coli or staph saprophyticus
114
viral encephalitis causing temporal lobe
hsv-1
115
most common vitamin def in US
folate ...
116
what causes death in babies born with Potter sequence (renal agenesis)
lung immaturity
