Pharmacology - Toxicities and Side Effects Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
How?
A
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Replenishes glutathione
2
Q
Antidote for AchE inhibitor (organophosphate) toxicity
How?
A
Atropine + Pralidoxime
3
Q
Antidote for Amphetamines toxicity
How?
A
Ammonium Chloride Protonates amphetamines (basic) to allow renal excretion
4
Q
Antidote for Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) toxicity
A
Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
5
Q
Antidote for Benzo toxicity
A
Flumazenil
6
Q
Antidote for beta-blocker toxicity
A
Glucagon
7
Q
Antidote for CO toxicity
A
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
8
Q
Antidote for Cu, As, Au toxicity
A
Penicillamine
9
Q
Antidote for CN toxicity
A
Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
Amyl nitrite
10
Q
Antidote for digitalis toxicity
A
anti-dig Fab fragments
11
Q
Antidote for Heparin toxicity
A
Protamine sulfate
12
Q
Antidote for Iron (Fe) toxicity
A
Deferoxamine, Deferaxirox
De-Fe’s
13
Q
Antidote for Lead (Pb) toxicity
A
- EDTA (chelator)
- Dimercaprol, Succimer (also for mercury toxicity)
- Penicillamine (also for Cu, As, Au toxicity)
14
Q
Antidote for Mercury, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) toxicity
A
Di.mer.caprol (BAL), Succi.mer
EDTA
“Mer”
15
Q
Antidote for Met.hemoglobin toxicity (when Hb has Fe3+ instead of 2+)
A
Methylene blue (reduces... but oxidizes at very high doses) Vit C
16
Q
Antidote for Opioids toxicity
A
Naloxone (short-term, emergency use)
17
Q
Antidote for Salicylates toxicity
A
NaHCO3 and dialysis to alkalize urine and ionize salicylic acid for renal excretion
18
Q
Antidote for TCAs toxicity
A
NaHCO3 for plasma alkalinzation
19
Q
Antidote for tPA, streptokinase, urokinase toxicity
A
Aminocaproic acid
20
Q
Antidote for warfarin toxicity
A
Vit K, FFP if currently bleeding
21
Q
Drug reactions: Meds that cause vasospasm (3)
A
- cocaine
- ergot alkaloids
- sumatriptan
“Can Elicit Spasms”
22
Q
Drug reactions: Meds that cause cutaneous flushing (4)
A
- Vanco
- Adenosine
- Niacin
- CaCh blockers
“VANC”
23
Q
Drug reactions: Meds that cause dilated CM (2)
A
- doxorubicin
- danunorubicin
D-rubicin drugs cause Dilated CM
24
Q
Drug reactions: Meds that cause TdP (5)
A
- Class III anti-arrhthmic (sotalol)
- Class Ia anti-arryhthmic (quinidine)
- Macrolides (mainly clarithromycin and erythromycin)
- antipsychotics
- TCAs
25
Drug reactions: Meds that cause adrenocortical insufficiency (1)
Sudden Glucocorticoid withdrawal leading to HPA suppression
26
Drug reactions: Meds that cause hot flashes (2)
1. Tamoxifen (SERM)
2. Clomiphene (SERM)
"Temperature Check"
27
Drug reactions: Meds that cause hyperglycemia (6)
1. Tacrolimus
2. Protease inhibitor
3. Niacin
4. HCTZ
5. Beta-blocker
6. Corticosteroids
"He Takes Pills, Needs Blood Checks"
""H
28
Drug reactions: Meds that cause Hypothyroidism (3)
1. Amiodarone
2. Lithium
3. Sulfonamides
"A Lot of Swimming" will make you cold, like in Hypothyroidism
29
Drug reactions: Meds that cause acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice (1)
Erythromycin
30
Drug reactions: Meds that cause diarrhea (5)
1. Metformin
2. Erythromycin
3. Colchicine
4. Orlistat (obesity drug to prevent absorption of fat, so osmotic diarrhea)
5. Acarbose (anti-Diabetes by causing carb locking in GI, so osmotic diarrhea)
"Oh, My Aching Excited Colon"
31
Drug reactions: Meds that cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4)
1. Halothane
2. Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
3. Depakote Valproic acid
4. Acetaminophen
Hepatic Death AA!
32
Drug reactions: Meds that cause hepatitis (1)
INH
33
Drug reactions: Meds that cause pancreatitis (6)
1. Didanosine (reverse transcriptase inhibitor anti-retroviral)
2. Corticosteroids
3. Alcohol
4. Valproic Acid
5. Azathioprine (immunosuppresion via purine analog)
6. Diuretics (furosemide and HCTZ)
"Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress"
34
Drug reactions: Meds that cause pseudomembranous colitis (3)
1. Clindamycin
2. Ampicillin
3. Cephalosporin
b/c c. dif
35
Drug reactions: Meds that cause Agranulocytosis (6)
1. Dapsone (abx to treat leprosy)
2. Clozapine (atypical antipsychotic)
3. Carbamazepine (mood-stabilizer and anticonvulsant)
4. Colchicine
5. Methimazole (anti-thyroid drug)
6. Propylthiouracil (anti-thyroid drug)
"Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes"
36
Drug reactions: Meds that cause Aplastic anemia (6)
1. Carbamazepine (mood-stabilizer and anticonvulsant)
2. Methimazole (anti-thyroid drug)
3. NSAIDs
4. Benzene
5. Chloramphenicol (abx used for meningitis [strep, neisseia, hflu])
6. Propylthiouracil (anti-thyroid drug)
"Cannot Make New Blood Cells Properly
37
Drug reactions: Meds that cause direct Coomb's poitive hemolytic anemia (2)
1. Methyldopa
| 2. PCN
38
Drug reactions: Meds that cause gray baby syndrome (1)
Chloramphenicol (abx for meningitis)
39
Drug reactions: Meds that cause hemolysis in G6PD def (7)
1. INH
2. Sulfonamides
3. Dapsone (abx for leprosy)
4. Primaquine (malaria drug of pneumocystis PNA)
5. ASA
6. Ibuprofen
7. Nitrofurantoin (abx for UTIs resistant to other abx)
Hemolysis "IS D PAIN"
40
Drug reactions: Meds that cause megaloblastic anemia (3)
1. Phenytoin
2. MTX
3. Sulfa drugs
have a Blast with PMS
41
Drug reactions: Meds that cause thrombocytopenia (2)
1. Heparin
| 2. Cimetidine (H2-rec antagonism)
42
Drug reactions: Meds that cause thrombotic complications
OCPs
43
Drug reactions: Meds that cause fat redistribution (2)
1. Protease inhibitors
2. GC's
"Fat PiG"
44
Drug reactions: Meds that cause gingival hyperplasia (4)
1. Phenytoin
2. Verapamil
3. Cyclosporine
4. Nifedipine
45
Drug reactions: Meds that cause hyperuricemia (gout) (5)
1. Pyrazinamide
2. Thiazide
3. Furosemide
4. Niacin
5. Cyclosporine
Painful Toes and Feet Need Care
46
Drug reactions: Meds that cause myopathy (8)
1. Fibrates
2. niacine
3. Colchicine
4. Hydroxychloroquine
5. IFN-alpha
6. Penicillamine
7. Statins
8. Glucocorticoids
47
Drug reactions: Meds that cause osteoporosis (2)
1. CS's
| 2. Heparin
48
Drug reactions: Meds that cause photosensitivity (4)
1. Sulfonamides
2. Amiodarone
3. Tetracycline
4. 5-FU
49
Drug reactions: Meds that cause Rash (stevens-Johnson) (8)
1. Ethosuximide
2. Carbamazepine
3. Lamotrigine
4. Phenytoin
5. Phenobarbitol
- ---- antiepileptics ---
6. Allopurinol
7. Sulfa drugs
8. PCN
50
Drug reactions: Meds that cause SLE-like syndrome
1. Sulfa drugs
2. Hydralazine (anti-HTN via activation of VG-KCh on vascular smooth muscle)
3. INH
4. Procainamide (Ia anti-arryhthmic)
5. Phenytoin
6. Etanercept (TNF inhibitor for inflammatory dz [RA, psoriatic arthritis, anklyosing spondylitis)
51
Drug reactions: Meds that cause teeth discoloration (1)
tetracycline
52
Drug reactions: Meds that cause tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage (1)
fluroquinolones
53
Drug reactions: Meds that cause cinchonism (flushed and sweaty skin, tinnitus, blurred vision, hearing impairment, reversible high freq hearing loss, rashes, vertigo, n/v/d)
quinidine
| quinine
54
Drug reactions: Meds that cause Parkinson-like syndrome (3)
1. antipsychotics
2. reserpine (blocker of Dopamine inserting into vesicles)
3. metoclopramide (dopamine-receptor antagonist for n/v)
55
Drug reactions: Meds that cause seizures (6)
1. INH (2/2 B6 [pyridoxine] deficiency)
2. Buproprion (antidepressnat/smoking cessation SSRI)
3. Imipenem/cilastatin (protects imipenem from degradation)
4. Tramadol (opioid analgesia)
5. Enflurane (halogenated ether for anesthesia)
6. Metoclopramide (D-Rec antagonist for n/v)
"I BITE M"y tongue w/seizures
56
Drug reactions: Meds that cause tardive dyskinesia (2)
1. Antipsychotics
| 2. Metoclopramide (dopamine receptor antagonist for n/v)
57
Drug reactions: Meds that cause diabetes insipidus (2)
1. Lithium (accumulates in collecting tubules and disrupts ADH function)
2. Demeclocycline (tetracycline derived from Streptomyces aureofaciens)
58
Drug reactions: Meds that cause Fanconi syndrome (1)
1. expired Tetracycline
59
Drug reactions: Meds that cause hemorrhagic cystitis (2)
1. Cyclophosphamide (alklyating agent for chemo and DMARD failure autoimmune disease)
2. Ifosfamide (alkylating agent for chemo)
60
Drug reactions: Meds that cause interstitial nephritis (2)
1. Methicillin (narrow spectrum PCN)
2. NSAIDs
3. Furosemide
61
Drug reactions: Meds that cause SIADH (3)
1. Carbamazepine (anti-convulsant, mood stabilizer)
2. Cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent)
3. SSRI's
"Can't Concentrate Serum Sodium "
62
Drug reactions: Meds that cause dry cough (1)
ACE-I
63
Drug reactions: Meds that cause pulmonary fibrosis (4)
1. Bleomycin
2. Amiodarone
3. Busulfan (alkylating antineoplastic agent - sulfonate)
4. MTX
"Breating Air Badly with Meds"
64
Drug reactions: Meds that cause multiorgan antimuscarinic syndrome (4)
1. Atropine
2. TCA
3. H1-blocker
4. Antipsychotic
65
Drug reactions: Meds that cause multiorgan disulfiram-like reaction (crappy with alcohol) (5)
1. Metronidazole
2. Some cephalosporins
3. Griseofulvin (anti-fungal)
4. Procarbazine (antineoplastic for Hodgkin's lymphoma)
5. 1st gen Sulfonylurea (antidiabetic by increasing insulin release from beta cells)
66
Drug reactions: Meds that cause multiorgan nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity (4)
1. Aminoglycosides
2. Vanco
3. Loop diuretics
4. Cisplatin
67
Arsenic poisoning
- presentation
- what does arsenic do
- GI: n/v/d/abd pain
- AMS
- tachy
- garlic breath
- arsenic binds to sulfhydryl groups of enzymes
68
how to treat arsenic poisoning
dimercaprol
69
lithium toxicity
| - presentation (6)
- NMJ excitability
- Irregular coarse tremor
- fascicular twitching
- agitation
- ataxia
- delirium
