inhabitants of oral cavity that can caused bacteremia - will adhere to damaged sites, like damaged valves, or fibrin-platelet aggregates at damaged endothelium

Microbio Flashcards by andre son

strep viridans

inhabitants of oral cavity that can caused bacteremia

will adhere to damaged sites, like damaged valves, or fibrin-platelet aggregates at damaged endothelium

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borrelia burgdorferi

lyme disease

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pasteurella multocida

GN rod in oral flora of cats and dogs

- rapidly progressive soft tissue infection

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sporothrix schenckii

cutaneous infections begin as ulcerating papule at site of inoculation and spreads proximally through lymphatics

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bacillus anthracis

cutaneous infections have toxins that lead to local edema and formation of papule that evolves into painless necrotic wound covered in black eschar

tx: cipro

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rickettsia rickettsiae

Rocky mountain spotter fever

skin lesions: palmoplantar erythematous macules that migrate centripetally TOWARDS trunk

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actinomyces israelii

GP organism of normal oral flora
can cause chronic face and neck abscesses c/b cutaneous sinus tracts

tx: IV PCN and surgical debridement

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corynebacterium diphtheria produces what toxin … and what action does it have

A) diphtheria toxin

B) inactivates EF-2 via ribosylation –> inhibits host protein synthesis

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pseudomonas aeruginosa produces what toxin … and what action does it have

A) exotoxin A

B) inactivates EF-2 via ribosylation –> inhibits host protein synthesis

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staphylococcus aereus produces what toxin… and what action does it have (2 of them)

A) enterotoxin
B) superantigen that acts in GI tract –> vomiting

A) TSS toxin
B) T-cells –> cytokine storm –> TSS

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clostridium difficile produces what toxin … and what action does it have

A) cyototoxin B
B) induces actin depolymerization of actin cytoskeleton leading to mucosal death, necrosis of colonic mucosal surfaces w/ fibrin deposition –> pseudomembrane formation

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clostridium botulinum produces what toxin … and what action does it have
- 3D’s

A) botulinum toxin
B) blocks presynaptic release of Ach @ NMJ –> flaccid paralysis
- diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia w/in 12-46 hrs

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bordetella pertussis produces what toxin… and what action does it have

A) pertussis toxin

B) disinhibits AC via Gi GPCR –> increases cAMP–> increased histamine sensitivity and phagocyte dysfunction

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vibrio cholerae produces what toxin … and what action does it have

A) cholera toxin

B) activates AC via Gs GPCR –> increases cAMP –> secretory diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances

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strongyloides stercoralis

human parasitic roundworm “threadworm”

lives in mucosa of small intestine
filariform larva is infectious
rabditoide larva is not, but that’s the one in feces

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schistosoma haematobium

urinary schistosomiasis

freshwater snails in North Africa, Sub-Sahra, Middle east

organisms travel to vesical venous plexus and live there, laying eggs

terminal hematuria
dysuria
frequent urination
pyelo
## squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

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schistosoma mansoni

and

schistosoma japonicum

intestinal schistosomiasis

sub-sahara, middle east, south america, caribbean

organism stravel to mesenteric venules of intestine

diarrhea/abd pain
intestinal ulceration –> iron def anemia

Hepatic Schistosomiasis

HSM
periportal fibrosis and subsequent portal HTN

gonorrhea tx

ctx
or
fluuroquiniflone

chlamydia tx

azithromycin x 1d
or
doxycycline x multiple days

Pseudomonas therapy

1) PCN: ticarcillin, piperacillin

2) Cephalosporins: ceftazidime (3rd gen)
cefepime (4th gen)

3) aminoglycosides
amikacin
gentamicin
tobramycin

4) fluoroquinolones
cipro
levo

5) monobactams
aztreonam

6) carbapenems
imipenem
meropenem

legionella clinical and lab features

facultative intracellular GN bacilli

neuro, GI, pulm sxs’s

hyponatremia
sputum showing many neutrophils but few organisms
fever and bradycardia
h/a and confusion

HIV gp41 protein action

needed for MB fusion and entry of HIV genome into target

HIV gp120 protein action

viral envelope protein tha tmediates attachment to CD4 MB

Enterobius vermicularis life cycle and where if affects

pinworm
adults live in intestine (cecum, appendix)… female migrates to perianal skin to deposit eggs

scotch tape test –> flattened eggs w/bean-shaped apperance

Vibrio cholerae 1) oxidase: + or - 2) GN or GP 3) shape? 4) alkaline medium: grow or no grow 5) mechanism of its toxin 6) leukocytes and erythrocytes? 7) which e. coli is similar with

1) oxidase + 2) GN 3) comma shaped rods 4) can grow 5) incresaes cAMP --> efflux of NaCl from intestinal epithelia 6) neither b/c they don't invade mucosa or cause enteric death 7) ETEC

Salmonella enteritidis | - stool microscopy shows what cell profile?

many leukocytes neutrophils prominant (invasive diarrhea w/out hemorrhage)

cause of diarrhea with peripheral eosinophilia

strongyloides

Invading diarrhea organisms

1. EIEC 2. shigella many erythrocytes and some leukocytes

Mycolic acids - what are they - what organisms rely on them

- long branched saturated FA's w/about 90 C's | - Mycobacterium ... it's what makes them "acid fast"

Enterococci can develop resistance to what abx? ((5)

1. PCN 2. PCNase-resistant PCN 3. aminoglycosides 4. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 5. vanco

how does enterococci acquire resistance to aminoglycosides? | - how is it acquired?

- they produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that transfer chemical groups (acetyl, adenyl, phosphate) to the abx outside of the bacterium --> prevents them from binding to ribosomes - plasmids or transposons, not by chromosome

how does enterococci acquire resistance to PCN? (2)

1. beta-lactamase | 2. low-affinity PCN binding protein

how does enterococci acquire resistance to vanco? | how is it acquired?

- they acquire ligases that alter D-alanylD-alanine cell-wall precursors to D-alanineD-lacate --> prevents vanco from binding to cell wall - plasmids/transposons

how does enterococci acquire resistance to tetracycline? (2)

1. synthesis of protein that allows ribosomes to do translation despite abx 2. increased drug efflux

how does enterococci acquire resistance to fluoroquinolone?

mutantions in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase

some obligate organisms | divided into obligate intracellular and facultative intracellular organisms

obligate: Chlamydia and Rickettsiae facultative: legionella, listeria, mycobacterium, neisseria, salmonella

some exotoxin producing ones (5)

- staph enterotoxins - botulinum - diphtheria - tetanus - pertussis

staph epidermidis

coagulase negative staph species | good at making biofilms

Central or South American pt w/achalasia - how does it do damage - what else can it cause

Trypanosoma cruzi - neurotoxin that destroys myenteric plexus that causes intramural, parasympathetic denervation or smooth muscle - chagas

CMV infections commonly affect where? (5)

1. retinitis 2. esophagitis 3. pna 4. hepatitis 5. diarrhea

Isospora belli causes what

chronic, watery, profuse diarrhea in immunocompromised pts