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Heme/Onc Flashcards

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1
Q

t(9;22)

A

philadelphia chromosome

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

BCR-ABL fusion protein

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2
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma

A

t(8;14) t(8;22) t(8;2)

movement of myc protooncogene from chromsome 8 to regions near Ig promoter sites on chromosomes 14, 22, or 2

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3
Q

t(14;18)

A

non-Hodgkin folliculate small cleaved cell lymphoma

bcl-2 protooncogene is sent from Chr 18 to Ig heavy chain promoted on chr 14

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4
Q

inv(16)

A

M4Eo (eosinophilic) subtype of AML

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5
Q

t(15;17)

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia

hemorrhage 2/2 intravascular coagulation and increased fibrinolysis

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6
Q

bcr-abl

A

t(9;22)

philadelphia chromosome

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7
Q

myc

A

on chromosome 8

t(8;22) t(8;2) t(8;14)

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8
Q

bcl-2

A

t(14;18)

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9
Q

Germinoma

  • most common location or brain germinoma?
  • classic sxs
A
  • pineal region
  • precocious puberty, Parinaud syndrome, obtructive hydrocephalus

(Parinaud = paralysis of upward gaze - dorsal midbrain syndrome)

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10
Q

pilocytic astrocytoma

  • microscopically
  • cells are mixed with?
  • affects where
A
  • spindle-cells w/hair-like glial processes a/w microcysts
  • Rosenthal fibers and granular eosiniophilic bodies
  • cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamus, optic
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11
Q

rate limiting enzyme of heme synthesis

A

delta-ALA synthase (glycine and succinyl-coa into delta-ALA)

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12
Q

lead affects what enzymes

  • what accumulates
  • sxs
A

Ferrochelatase
ALA dehydratase

  • protoporphyrin and delta-ALA
  • microcytic anemia, MR, h/a, demyelination
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13
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria

  • what enzymes affected
  • what accumulates
  • sxs
  • tx
  • why does that work
A
  • porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase
  • porphobillinogen (PBG), delta-ALA
  • 5 P’s: Painful abd, Port wine urine, Polyneuropathy, Psycho distrubances, Precipitated by drugs etc
  • glucose and heme
  • inhibits ALA synthase
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14
Q

Porphyria cutanea tarda

  • what enzyme affected
  • what accumulates
A
  • uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

- uroporphyrin

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15
Q

what’s most common porphyria

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

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16
Q

heme and ALA synthase relationship

A

decrease heme –> increase ALA synthase

increase heme –> decrease ALA synthase

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17
Q

squamous cell carcinoma pathology (3)

A
  1. polygonal cells
  2. eosinophilic cytoplasm
  3. keratin-pearls
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18
Q

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma pathology (3)

effect on underlying lung archicutre

A
  1. tall, columnar cells
  2. spread along alveolar septae
  3. papilalry projections into alveolar spaces

underlying architecutre typically preserved

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19
Q

papillary thyroid carcinoma pathology (3)

A
  1. branching papillae
  2. fibrovascular stalk covered by neoplastic cuboidal cells
  3. ground glass nuclei
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20
Q

small cell lung carcinoma pathology (4)

A
  1. undifferentiated oat cell
  2. centrally located
  3. from primitive cells of basal layer of bronchial epithelium
  4. round or oval cells w/scant cytoplasm and large hyperchromatic nuclei
    - resemble lymphocytes but smaller
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21
Q

BCR-ABL in what d/o

A

CML

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22
Q

tx for CML

A

gleevec = Imatinib

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23
Q

c-myc is what d/o

Study These Flashcards
A

Burkitt lymphoma

24
Q

APC

  • what chromosome
  • what function
  • role in cancer
Study These Flashcards
A
  • chromosome 5
  • cell growth and adhesion
  • APC mutation is first step in adenoma-carcinoma sequence
25
APC found in what sorts of cancers
most sporadic colon cancer | all familial polyposis syndromes
26
DCC = ?
deleted in colon cancer
27
DCC role in cancer
final step of progression of large adenomatous polyps into adenocarcinoma
28
k-ras in colon cancer
it's an onco-gene that is responsible for size increases in adenomatous polyps
29
p53 in colon cancer
triggers final step of the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence
30
MSH-2 - what is it - involvement in cancer
DNA mismatch repair gene | HNPCC or Lynch syndrome
31
M-0 AML - differentiation - description
minimally differentiated | very immature, few or no Auer rods
32
M1 AML 1. differentiation 2. description
1. AML w/out differentiation | 2. very immature, few or no Auer rods
33
M2 AML 1. differnetiation 2. description
1. AML w/maturation 2. + auer rods; + peroxidase t(8;21)
34
M3 AML 1. differentiation 2. description
1. Acute promyelocytic leuekmia 2. lots of Auer rods; + peroxidase t(15;17) young pts and DIC is common
35
M4 AML 1. differentiation 2. description PX?
1. Acute myelocytic leukemia 2. monoblasts and promonocytes - negative peroxidase + nonspecitic esterase poor Px
36
M5 AML 1. differentiation 2. description
1. acute monocytic leukemia 2. monoblasts and promonocytes - negative peroxidase + nonspecific esterase
37
M6 AML 1. differentiation 2. description
1. Acute erythroleukemia | 2. + PAS staining erythroblasts
38
M7 AML 1. differentiation 2. description
1. acute megakaryocytic leukemia 2. + platelet peroxidase rare and poor Px
39
Mantle cell lymphoma - mutation - what cell
t(11;14) | B cell malignancy
40
t(11;14) - what malignancy - what does it code for
- Mantle cell lymphoma | - cyclin D activation
41
del 13q sen in what
CLL
42
HbS mutation
2 normal alpha chains 2 mutated beta chains D for V at 6 position
43
HbC mutation
D for K --> mild chronic hemolytic anemia
44
what is JAK2
tyr kinase mediated receptor -- STAT
45
disorders with JAK2 mutation (3)
1. essential thrombocytosis 2. polycythemia vera 3. primary myelofibrosis
46
diagnostic features of polycythemia vera (6)
1. pruritus 2. erythromelalgia 3. splenomegaly 4. thrombotic complications 5. erythrocytosis 6. trhombocytosis
47
diagnostic features of primary myelofibrosis (5)
1. severe fatiuge 2. splenomegaly to the point of causing early satiety 3. hepatomegaly 4. anemia 5. BM fibrosis
48
CML leukocytosis what shift
left shift (more myelocytes, metamyelocyte,s band forms)
49
IL-1 - what is it - what malignancy secretes it
osteoclast activating factor | multiple myeloma
50
IL-6 - what is it - what malignancy secretes it
a factor secreted by multiple myeloma cells that leads to bone resoprtion
51
what causes the fatigue, confusion, and constipation in MM pts
hypercalcemia from bone resroption
52
hypercoagulability seen commonly in what cancers
adenoCA of pancreas, colon, lung
53
pathogenesis of hypercoagulability neoplastic syndrome
adnoeCA prodcues thromboplastin-like substance that can cause chronic intravascular coagulation
54
what is Trousseau's syndrome?
migratory superficial thrombophlebitis
55
what should you be wary about if you see Trousseau's syndrome?
visceral cancer
56
properties of anaplastic tumors (5)
1. loss of cell polarity, so disorganized in infiltrative fashion 2. variation in shape and size of cells (pleomorphism) and nuclei 3. disproportionately large nuclei w/abundant coarse chromatin and large nucleoli 4. numerous, often abnormal mitotic figures 5. giant multnucleated tumor cells

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