Fabric Types Flashcards
1
Q
- Made from the pulp of bamboo grass. More sustainable than most textile fibers.
- Light and strong with
excellent wicking
properties. - Anti-bacterial to some
extent.
A
Bamboo Fabric
2
Q
- Small geometric
pattern with a center
dot resembling a bird’s
eye. - Woven on a dobby loom.
- Very soft, lightweight and absorbent.
A
Birdseye
3
Q
2 or more fabric layers
held together with
adhesive or a fusible
layer.
A
Bonded
4
Q
- Fabric that simulates the bark of trees. Printed with large vines, leaves and florals.
- Popular in the 30s - 40s
- Draperies, slipcovers, and home furnishings.
A
Bark Cloth
5
Q
- Brushed with wire
brushes to pull the
material together and
fluff it up.
- End fabric has a looped, soft pile with large air pockets that serve as insulating properties.
- Wicks moisture away
from the surface. - Can be compared to
fur because of its softness
A
Berber Fleece
6
Q
- French word for
“buckled”.
- Fabric has a ring appearance formed by drawn-out loop yarns on the face of the goods.
- Kinky appearance.
A
Boucle’
7
Q
- A cord cotton-like
fabric with raised
edges in the
lengthwise direction. - Has high strength and
durability used for
upholstery and work
clothes.
A
Bedford Cord
8
Q
- Sturdy warp-faced
fabric with pronounced crosswise ribs formed by
bulky and coarse pile
yarns. - Originated in Bengal,
India.
A
Bengaline
9
Q
- Mercerized; made of
cotton or cotton
blends. - Named for Jean
Baptiste.
A
Batiste
10
Q
Cotton fabric with a
printed design of
white and a
contrasting color
A
Bandana
11
Q
- A rich Jacquard woven fabric of an all-over interwoven design of raised figures of flowers with the pattern emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors done in low relief.
- Derived from the
French word meaning
to ornament.
A
Brocade
12
Q
- A ply yarn scrim fabric
with a stiff finish. - Used for interlinings
in garments.
A
Buckram
13
Q
- Twill weave cotton
denim fabric that is
soft but as tough as
nails. - More durable and
heavier than regular
denim.
A
Bull Denim
14
Q
- A plain weave coarse
fabric made from jute
or hemp. - Used as carpet
backing.
A
Burlap / Gunny
15
Q
- Tightly woven jacquard fabric with a warp effect in the figure giving a puffed appearance.
- Heavy fabric with high
relief.
A
Brocatelle
16
Q
- One of the oldest
cotton staples from
Calcutta, India. - Plain, closely woven,
inexpensive cloth with
an all-over print.
- Usually have small floral patterns which is resist printed onto a while or contrasting background.
A
Calico
17
Q
- Soft and white cotton
that is calendared to
produce a slight gloss. - Originated in Cambrai,
France.
A
Cambric
18
Q
- Twill which is brushed
to produce a soft nap
at the back. - Heavy , warm, strong
and absorbent. - Named after Canton,
China.
A
Canton Flannel
19
Q
- A rugged, heavy
material made from
plyed yarns. - Has an even weave
that is heavy and firm
for heavy duty
purposes.
A
Canvas
20
Q
- Softest fabrics made.
- Very lightweight with
a printed delicate
floral pattern. - Named from AngloIndian term, shalee, meaning “soft”.
A
Challis
21
Q
Made from cotton fibers with blue warp and white filling that gives a mottled colored surface.
A
Chambray
22
Q
Broken twill creating a
design of wide V’s
across the width of
the fabric.
A
Chevron
23
Q
Strong fabric inspire
of its gauzelike, soft,
flimsy appearance.
A
Chiffon
24
Q
- Resin glazed, can withstand washing, cotton fabric printed with bright figures and large flower designs.
- Named from the
Hindu word meaning
spotted.
A
Chintz
25
- Woven from chenille
yarns and has a fuzzy
pile that looks hairy.
- Named from the
French word meaning
caterpillar.
Chenille
26
```
Fabrics that have been
coated with a lacquer
or other substance to
make them longer
lasting or impervious
to liquids.
```
Coated
27
```
- A cut pile cloth with
narrow to wide wales
that run in the warp
direction of the
goods.
```
- Warmest cotton fabric
because of the wales
that serve as insulated
cushion of air.
Corduroy
28
```
A lightweight fabric
characterized by a
crinkly surface
produced by hard
twist yarns.
```
Crepe
29
```
- Chain stitch
embroidery made with
fine, loosely-twisted
- two-ply worsted yarn
on a plain weave
cotton fabric.
```
- Imperfections, dirt
spots and natural
black specks identifies as its genuine type
Crewel
30
```
Fabric with uneven
surface created by the
use of caustic soda
that causes it to shrink
unevenly.
```
Crinkle
31
```
Any fabric that has
been treated to have a
permanently crinkled,
crushed or rumpled
appearance.
```
Crushed
32
- Lightweight, plain,
weave, stiffened
fabric with a low yarn
count.
- From the French crinol
meaning horsehair
and lin for linen, stiff.
Crinoline
33
```
Any fabric that has
been treated to have a
permanently crinkled,
crushed or rumpled
appearance.
```
Crushed
34
Any velvet with an
irregular pattern of
nap going in different
directions.
Crushed Velvet
35
```
- A firm, glossy
Jacquard patterned
fabric similar to
brocade but flatter
and reversible.
```
- 1st brought to the
Western by Marco
Polo from Damascus.
Damask
36
- A rugged, serviceable,
staple cotton cloth
recognized by lefthand twill on the
surface.
```
- Originally used for
work clothes.
Jeans refer to the end
material of processed
denim.
```
Denim
37
- Thin, sheer cloth in
which cords or stripes
may be woven into
the fabric.
- Has a crisp texture
and is used for
bedspreads.
Dimity
38
- Sheer fabric
embellished with small
dot motifs that may
vary in color.
- From Saint Galen,
Switzerland.
Dotted Swiss
39
- Closely woven, heavy
material and the most
durable fabric made.
- Made of cotton.
- Heavier weights are
called canvass.
Duck
40
- A ribbed soft cloth
with a crosswise rib
effect.
- Belongs to the
grosgrain family.
Faille
41
- Compact, matted
woolen material.
- Named from the
Anglo-Saxon word
meaning to filter.
Felt
42
Printed or woven
fabric featuring a
jagged, undulating,
flame-like multicolored pattern.
Flame Stitch
43
```
Medium-weight fabric
that has a very soft
hand, brushed on
both sides to lift the
fiber ends out of the
base fabric and create
a soft fuzzy surface.
```
Flannel
44
```
A type of raised
decoration applied to
the surface of the
fabric which an
adhesive is printed on
the fabric in a specific
pattern.
```
Flocked
45
Lightweight cloth
noted for its soft finish
and feel. Printed with
small figures.
Foulard
46
Made with uncut
loops with varying
heights.
Frieze
47
```
- Firm, durable,
compactly woven
cloth which has a
diagonal line on the
face.
```
- Named for a cloak
popular during the
Middle Ages.
Gabardine
48
Thin sheer fabric used
for curtains next to
glass windows to
diffuse light.
Gauze
49
```
- Dyed yarns introduced
at given intervals in
both warp and filling
to achieve a block or
check effect.
```
- Named from Italian
ging-gang meaning
striped.
Gingham
50
- Fine loosely woven
fabric in leno weave.
- known for its stiffness
Grenadine
51
- Strong, closely-woven
corded fabric usually
of silk or rayon or
cotton.
- Has a heavy
prominent ribbed
fabric.
Grosgrain
52
- From the Japanese
meaning soft as down.
Lightweight plain
weave silk fabric.
- Even lighter than the
shantung.
Habotai
53
Woven, multi-colored
effect created by
blending fibers of
different colors.
Heather
54
- Very stiff wiry cloth
made with a single
horsehair filling.
```
- 26' (66.04 cm)
maximum width
determined by the
length of the
horsehair
```
Haircloth
55
```
- Broken twill weave
composed of vertical
sections that are
alternately right angle
in direction.
```
- Also called Arrowhead
weave
Herringbone
56
Broken twill weave
forming four pointed
star.
Houndstooth
57
```
Style of weaving that
uses a resist dyeing
process on either the
warp or weft before
threads are woven to
create a pattern.
```
Ikat
58
Dyed warp and weft
| yarns.
Double Ikat
59
Fabric that seems to
change color as the
light strikes it.
Iridescent
60
```
- Fabric in which
metallic threads are
interspersed
throughout the base
construction.
```
- From the French
meaning worked with
gold and silver wire.
Lame'
61
```
A term used to
describe fabrics which
have been joined
together through the
use of a high-strength
reinforcing scrim.
```
Laminated
62
Light, thin cloth of
plain weave with a
crisp and crease
resistant finish,
Lawn
63
A jacquard strip fabric
simulating silk and
embroidery.
Lisserie
64
- Fine firm cotton cloth
with a plain weave
background.
- True madras bleed
when washed.
Madras
65
Lightweight open mesh cloth of leno or double weave used for mosquito nets.
Marquisette
66
Very coarse yarn that
is rough, substantial,
bulky and has a
tendency to sag.
Monk's Cloth
67
- Soft, double cloth
which has a quilted
surface effect woven
on Jacquard looms.
- Named from the
French word meaning
cushioned or padded.
Matelasse'
68
- Heavily felted, hard,
plain, face-finished
cloth. Napped and
very closely sheared.
- Originally meant as a
hunting cloth in
Leicestershire
England.
Melton
69
- Net-like open
appearance.
- Typically
seen in office chairs.
- Herman Miller was the
1st to release office
chairs with mesh.
Mesh
70
- Generic term for a
variety of cotton
fabrics.
- From the French term
mousseline meaning
smooth delicately
woven cotton fabric.
Muslin
71
Fine, soft fabric with a
plain weave usually
mercerized to
produce luster.
Nainsook
72
Smooth, transparent
high textured fabric
made in plain or
novelty weaves.
Ninon
73
- Fiber from cotton,
very light, thin, stiff,
transparent and wiry
cloth.
- for barongs
Organdie
74
- Tough medium to
heavy weight coarsely
woven plain weave
fabric.
```
- Medium weight is
used for bags, sacks
and pipe coverings
while heavy weight is
used for mattress,
slipcovers.
```
Osnaburg
75
Tightly woven plain
weave ribbed fabric
with a hard slightly
lustered surface.
Ottoman
76
Soft, porous stout
fabric with a silk-like
luster finish that soils
easily.
Oxford
77
- Named from the
French word for
plush.
- Satin-faced material
made with a high
luster by a roller pressure treatment
during finishing.
- Resembles velvet but
has a longer pile.
Panne'
78
Low to medium count,
180-250 threads per
square inch. Common
for bed sheets.
Percale
79
A medium weight
fabric with raised
cords that run in the
warp direction.
Pique
80
Fabric treated with a
caustic soda solution
that creates crinkles
or pleated effect.
Plisse'
81
Dull surfaced net with
various sized holes.
Has white or colored
dots.
Point D' Esprit
82
- A warp pile cloth
covered with a surface
of cut-pile yarns.
- From the term
peluche by way of the
Latin pilus meaning
hair.
- Pile is more than 1/8"
Plush
83
Combed and carded
fabric that has been
calendared to produce
a high-luster finish.
Polished Cotton
84
- Thin, natural, tan colored silk fabric made of wild Chinese silk with knotty rough weave.
- Named from Chinese
punk-ki meaning
woven at home on
one's own loom.
Pongee
85
- Fine rib effect in the
filling direction from
selvage to selvage.
- Named from the
obsolete French term
papeline.
Poplin
86
Similar to poplin but
has a more distinctive
crossrib cord.
Rep
87
Plain weave fabric
where majority of the
face is composed of
warp threads.
Sail Cloth
88
Woven cloth with
| errors or flaws.
Seconds
89
- Fabric made from silk
yarns.
- Very smooth lustrous
effect while the back
of the material is dull.
Satin
90
```
Fabric made from
cotton yarns.
Produced by floating
fill yarns over warp
yarns.
```
Sateen
91
- High-grade coating
fabric made from
Merino sheep wool.
- From Saxony,
Germany.
- Name for a soft
woolen cloth with
elaborate yarn effects.
Saxony
92
An open mesh, plain weave cloth in several
construction and
weights
Scrim
93
A lightweight cloth in which a base warp lies flat and second warp becomes crinkled because of the chemical treatment
Seersucker
94
- One of the oldest basic terms in textiles.
- Has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides
- Implies any smooth faced cloth made with
a 2 up and 2 down
twill weave.
Serge
95
- Silk fabric made of
several fibers but
designated by an
elongated filling yarn.
- Named from the city
of Shantung, China.
- Uses raw silk made from Tussah
Shantung
96
```
Made from a small
twill weave and has a
smooth compact
surface resembling
the skin of a shark.
```
Sharkskin
97
- Plain-weave corded
cloth which comes in
light, medium or
heavy weights.
- Muslin, low thread
count.
- Percale180 thread
count.
Sheeting
98
- Fabric that has an
iridescent look and a
crisp but not stiff
hand.
- Made of two different colored yarns, rayon or
polyester blend.
Shimmer
99
```
- Fabrics developed to
provide greater
freedom of body
movement for the
athlete.
```
```
- Good surface texture,
durable and moisture
absorbent.
Fabric will return to
original shape.
```
Stretch Woven
100
Soft, twill-woven silk
or rayon fabric often
made in plain effects.
Surah
101
Fine, sheer, crisp, stiff
cloth which may be
plain, dotted or
figured.
Swiss
102
```
- Fine, plain weave
fabric that is smooth
on both sides and
usually sheen on its
surface.
```
- Colors seem
changeable.
- Named from the
Persian fabric taftan.
Taffeta
103
- Cloth made in plain
weave or 2 up and 2
down twill weave.
- Multi-colored fabric
associated with
Scottish clans.
- Originated from Spain
and was called tiritana.
Tartan
104
Uncut loops on both
sides of the fabrics
which makes it very
absorbent.
Terry Cloth
105
Term for extremely
strong woven fabrics
used for covering
pillows, mattresses.
Ticking
106
- Made from 100% micro
fiber polyester.
- Light weight fabric
that is extremely
strong.
Tissue Faille
107
- Durable heavy poplin
made of polyester and
cotton blend.
```
- Considered a utility
cloth used for table
cloths, chair covers,
unifroms and flags or
banners.
```
Trigger
108
- Rough, irregular, soft,
flexible, unfinished
shaggy cloth.
- Named for the Tweed
River which separates
England from
Scotland.
- One of the oldest and
most popular
outerwear fabrics.
Tweed
109
- World's first ultra microfiber.
Feels like natural
suede.
- It is resistant to stains
and discoloration and
ages better than real
suede.
Ultrasuede
110
- Term applied to cutpile cloths in general.
- Fabrics with fine
raised finish.
- Named from the
French term meaning
velvet.
- Has a lower cut pile
than velvet.
Velour
111
```
Warp-pile cloth in
which a succession of
rows of short cut pile
stand so close
together to give a
uniform surface.
```
Velvet
112
- Filling pile cloth that
has a pile made by
cutting an extra set of
filling yarns usually made of cotton.
- Type of imitation velvet, has a firm hand and slightly sloping pile.
Velveteen
113
- Crisp, lightweight,
plain weave cottonlike fabric made with high twist yarns in a high yarn count
construction.
- Cloth is made from
gassed yarns.
- Derived from French
term meaning veil.
Voile
114
- Fabric with a
characteristic of a
honeycomb weave.
- "Waffle Pique" when waffle is made in cotton.
Waffle
115
- Fabrics that have been
laundered before
shipping.
- Done to reduce
shrinkage.
Washed
116
- Cloth made from
cross-bred yarns.
- Fabric is strongly
colored with a highly
raised lustrous finish.
Zibeline
