Pottery

Question 1

What is one of the most ancient arts, consisting of artifacts made of heated earth or earthenware?

Answer 1

Pottery

Question 2

What is the Greek word meaning potter’s clay?

Answer 2

Keramos

Question 3

Which culture in Japan created the first fired earth vessels 12,000 years ago?

Answer 3

Jomon Culture

Question 4

What are the three main stages of pottery?

Answer 4

Clay State (Greenware), Biscuit State (Bisque), Glazed State

Question 5

What is the term for ware that is formed but has not undergone firing and is very brittle?

Answer 5

Clay State (Greenware)

Question 6

What is the term for ware that has gone through a preliminary low-range firing and is considered half-baked?

Answer 6

Biscuit State (Bisque)

Question 7

What is the term for ware that has been covered in glaze and will undergo a second firing?

Answer 7

Glazed State

Question 8

What is a mixture of silica, clay, melting agent, water, colorants, and a suspension agent, which turns glass-like when fired?

Answer 8

Glaze

Question 9

What are the two types of glaze used by Chinese potters?

Answer 9

Feldspar and Fusing silica of quartz or sand by means of a flux

Question 10

What are the common kinds of glazes?

Answer 10

Alkaline Glazes, Lead Glazes, Tin Glazes

Question 11

What type of glaze is made of silica and soda, and is shiny and transparent?

Answer 11

Alkaline Glazes

Question 12

What type of glaze is made of sand and sulfide or lead oxide?

Answer 12

Lead Glazes

Question 13

What type of glaze is opaque and white, introduced by Islamic potters?

Answer 13

Tin Glazes

Question 14

What is the oldest kind of soft pottery, fired at 900-1200°C, which is porous, opaque, and tends to chip and break?

Answer 14

Earthenware

Question 15

What kind of pottery is extremely hard, impermeable to water, and made by the Chinese before becoming known in Europe after the Renaissance?

Answer 15

Stoneware

Question 16

What kind of pottery is the hardest, a Chinese invention, and known as the aristocrat of the potter’s wheel?

Answer 16

Porcelain

Question 17

What is another name for China stone, a feldspathic material used in Chinese porcelain that forms a white cement?

Answer 17

Petuntse

Question 18

Where was porcelain first mastered in the West?

Answer 18

German Factory, Meissen

Question 19

What is the term for early vitreous wares produced by the Chinese before they developed true porcelain?

Answer 19

Protoporcelain

Question 20

What are the three types of porcelain?

Answer 20

Hard Porcelain, Soft Porcelain, Bone China

Question 21

What is the best kind of porcelain, made of kaolin, fired at 2390-2570°F, and has a feldspathic glaze fired with the body?

Answer 21

Hard Porcelain

Question 22

What type of porcelain is fired below 2300°F, more translucent, and has a glaze added at a lower second firing?

Answer 22

Soft Porcelain

Question 23

What type of porcelain, invented by English potters in the mid-18th century, includes calcium phosphate from calcined ox bones?

Answer 23

Bone China

Question 24

What is a thick semi-solid fluid composed of clay and water where ware is dipped, ancient in origin?

Answer 24

Slip

Question 25

What oxide is used in slip ornamentation to get the color red or brown?

Answer 25

Iron Oxide

Question 26

What oxide is used in slip ornamentation to get the color green?

Answer 26

Copper Oxide

Question 27

What oxide is used in slip ornamentation to get the color blue?

Answer 27

Cobalt Oxide

Question 28

What oxide is used in slip ornamentation to get the color purple-brown to almost black?

Answer 28

Manganese Oxide

Question 29

What is the term for ware that has been dipped in slip?

Answer 29

Slip Ware

Question 30

What is the term for specific proportions of slip used for ornamentation?

Answer 30

Engobe

Question 31

What process involves treating image and non-image areas to accept or repel ink?

Answer 31

Lithographed

Question 32

What technique involves drawing designs with a pointed tool that scratches through the slip to reveal the body?

Answer 32

Sgraffito

Question 33

What technique involves painting pottery before and after firing?

Answer 33

Painted

Question 34

What is the art of transferring designs from specially prepared paper to a wood, glass, or metal surface?

Answer 34

Decalcomania

Question 35

What is the term for patterns painted before glazing and firing?

Answer 35

Underglaze

Question 36

What is the term for pottery fired before painting?

Answer 36

Overglaze

Question 37

What type of glaze utilizes wood or vegetable ashes?

Answer 37

Ash Glaze

Question 38

What is the process of allowing newly mixed casting slip to set undisturbed for several days to homogenize ingredients for better casting qualities?

Answer 38

Ageing

Question 39

What process applies color using a small air-pressure gun, commonly used for shading and general decorating?

Answer 39

Airbrushing

Question 40

What decorating process involves removing applied color to accentuate detail?

Answer 40

Antiquing

Question 41

What is a fine-grained, highly plastic secondary clay that fires to white or near white?

Answer 41

Ball Clay

Question 42

What glaze defect appears as broken bubbles on the glazed surface, leaving bare areas?

Answer 42

Blistering

Question 43

What finishing technique involves rubbing a leather-hard vessel with a hard tool such as a stone to produce a glossy surface with visible polishing marks?

Answer 43

Burnishing

Question 44

What hand-building method uses long rolled-out lengths of clay integrated with previous coils to build up a form?

Answer 44

Coiling

Question 45

What is the decorative and intentional netting created on the surface of a glaze due to expansion and contraction variations in the kiln?

Answer 45

Crackle

Question 46

What decorative technique involves applying alternate coats of color at perpendicular angles?

Answer 46

Crosshatch

Question 47

What effect is achieved by applying non-fired color very lightly with an almost dry brush?

Answer 47

Drybrushing

Question 48

What is a form of low-temperature glaze applied on top of an already fired higher-temperature glaze, often lead-based?

Answer 48

Enamel

Question 49

What is a substance that causes or promotes melting?

Answer 49

Flux

Question 50

What is a combination of materials that have been melted into glass, cooled, and reground into a powder before being added to a glaze recipe?

Answer 50

Frit

Question 51

What type of firing occurs when there is either no combustion or sufficient oxygen in the kiln to allow the fuel to burn cleanly?

Answer 51

Oxidation

Question 52

What type of firing occurs when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen in the kiln, preventing complete combustion?

Answer 52

Reduction

Question 53

What is combined with oxygen in clay and glazes during reduction firing, altering their colors?

Answer 53

Carbon Monoxide

Question 54

What is a ceramic material that can resist great heat and is suitable for lining furnaces?

Answer 54

Refractory

Question 55

What are examples of refractory materials?

Answer 55

Fireclay, dolomite, magnesite, silica

Question 56

What firing process involves throwing rock salt into the fire at the maturing temperature or during post-firing?

Answer 56

Salt Firing

Question 57

What type of glaze is created during high-temperature firings when sodium is introduced into a fully heated kiln, forming a clear coating on the clay?

Answer 57

Salt Glaze

Question 58

What element is used for salt glaze?

Answer 58

Sodium

Question 59

What term refers to the greying or discoloration of a glaze caused by underfiring?

Answer 59

Smoking

Question 60

What slip is comprised of the smallest particles of clay and resembles a burnished surface?

Answer 60

Terra Sigillata