Textile Flashcards
Textile, fabric, fibers, types, (73 cards)
1
Q
Any material made of interlacing fibers
A
Textile
2
Q
Any material made through the processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting, or bonding
A
Fabric
3
Q
Finished piece of fabric that can be used for varying purposes such as bedcover, etc.
A
Cloth
4
Q
Related to flexibility. How well the fabric withstand wear, pressure, and damage due
to friction
A
Durability
5
Q
Tensile strength. How well the fabric can carry its own weight without breaking
A
Tenacity
6
Q
Stretching ability. What degree it can stretch without breaking
A
Elongation
7
Q
How well will the fabric absorb or retain moisture, moisture absorption helps
avoid static build up
A
Absorbency
8
Q
Water fearing; fabric repels waters; does not absorb moisture, creating
bubbles on the surface
A
Hydrophobic
9
Q
Fabric absorbs moisture without feeling wet.
A
Hygroscopic
10
Q
Fabric’s elasticity; ability to return to its original shape after wear and tear
A
Resiliency
11
Q
Basic element of the textile; fine, hairlike strand that forms the basis of a yarn;
categorized by their length
A
Fiber
12
Q
- Short fibers, somewhat randomly arranged and loosely twisted resulting to softer yarn
- Measured in centimeters or inches
- All natural fibers except silk are staple fibers
A
Staple fibers
13
Q
- Long and continuous fibers, usually measured in meters or yards
- Laid parallel to one another and tightly twisted to produce smooth, strong yarns.
A
Filament fibers
14
Q
Formed by twisting fibers together to create a continuous strand
A
Yarn
15
Q
Composed of staple fibers twisted together
A
Spun yarns
16
Q
Composed of continuous strands made either a spinneret generated
synthetic fiber or from silk
A
Filament yarns
17
Q
-Fibers are from animal, plant, or mineral sources;
-Plant and animal fibers are
produced seasonally, and affected by the forces of nature and other environmental factors
A
Natural
18
Q
Man made and thoroughly modern
A
Synthetic
19
Q
-Most widely used plant fiber; is a vegetable or cellulosic fiber which comes from the balls of the cotton plant;
-has low elasticity and resiliency; known for comfort; flammable and
easily wrinkled; used more in the apparel industry than commercial interiors
A
Cotton
20
Q
- End type of cotton;
processed version of the fiber made into cloth that resembles satin; has
a hydrophobic nature
A
Shiny cotton
21
Q
- End type of cotton;
- term is applied on how the plant is grown and cultivated;
- must meet certain standards;
- grown with no presence of synthetic or chemical pesticides and fertilizers
A
Organic cotton
22
Q
- End type of cotton;
term is applied how the fibers are processed, washed only with mild
soap and must not be bleached but can be dyed
A
Green cotton
23
Q
- Process of cotton;
‘carding’ ; a step in refinement process of the fiber, mechanical that
disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibers to produce a continuous silver for
processing; breaks up locks and unorganized clumps then aligns the individual fibers to
be parallel with each other
A
Carded cotton
24
Q
- Process of cotton for further refinement of the fibers, done after the carding
process; higher form of carded cotton; separates long fibers from shorter ones; results
to a stronger and smooth product
A
Combed cotton
25
- Kind of cotton;
- ‘Mexican cotton’ ;
-Most widely planted species of cotton in the world;
3rd best quality cotton in the market
Upland cotton
26
- Kind of cotton product; has fine long fibers that are spun to create softer, silkier, and more durable cotton;
- less prone to linting and shedding
Long staple cotton
27
- Originated in Peru; 2nd best quality cotton in the world; ‘Supima’ is a
trademarked brand;
- type of long staple cotton
Pima cotton
28
- has the most upper thread count, 1000 threads per square inch;
has a reputation of being the best cotton in the world; softer, finer, and lasts longer
- type of long staple cotton
Egyptian cotton
29
-Came from the seed pod of the Java kapok tree;
-Too brittle to be spun into fiber but soft enough for cushioning and stuffing pillows; lightweight and nonabsorbent; personal
flotation, can support 30 times its weight in water
Kapok
30
- Oldest fiber ever woven; yarn is grayish with silky luster;
- Can be bleached without without fear of damage; used for linens, draperies, slipcovers, etc.
Flax
31
- Fabric made from flax;
- less soft and absorbent than cotton; strong, virtually nonelastic, tends to be brittle; disadvantages is that it wrinkles easily and creases readily
Linen
32
- Resembles flax made from the stem and stalk of the Jute plant;
- harsh, brittle, lints, badly and wrinkles easily limiting its use to carpet and linoleum backing;
- Low thermal conduction and anti static properties
Jute
33
- Fabric made from jute;
| - has excellent resistance to microorganisms and insects
Burlap
34
- Taken from the stems of the Cannabis Sativa plant;
- gum or pectin is dissolved to
separate fibers
Hemp
35
- Mainly grown in the Philippines;
- fiber is obtained from the outer layer
of the leaf;
-varying from 1-3 meters; finest rope material; strong, great luster and very resistant
to damage from salt water
Manila Hemp - ‘Abaca’
36
- ‘China Grass or Grass linen’ ;
| - an inexpensive fiber from an East Asian plant produced from a perennial shrub
Ramie
37
- Rubber in natural form;
- Discovered 1920s when latex (liquid rubber) could be
extruded into fiber;
- highly elastic, flexible, and impearmable to water and air; - loses its strength
through age and deterioriates in sunlight
Natural Rubber
38
- Originally made from abaca and even banana fibers;
- mechanically woven but
embellishment may be handwoven; as a fabric stronger than pina; generally used for formal settings or occasions
Jusi
39
- is sheared from domesticated animals, primarily sheep;
- color varies from pale neutral to dark brown;
- known for its resiliency and elasticity; burns slowly and is self extinguishing;
-It stops burning when the flame source is removed; wool carpet is often
preferred in public areas of luxurious facilities such as hotel and casino lobbies
Wool (Sheep)
40
- From merino sheep, found in Australia and New Zealand;
- softer, less itchy, more flexible, cool, breathable, moisture-wicking, comfortable to wear in hot or cold conditions;
- pure white in color, accepts dyes very well
Merino wool
41
- Shetland sheep found in scotland;
- thicker than merino; gloss and softness of silk, strength of cotton, whiteness of linen, and warmth of wool;
- warmer but lightweight
Shetland wool
42
- Lamb’s first shearing;
| - excellent for blankets and beddings; breathable
Lambswool
43
- Grade of wool
| - not yet been previously processed
Virgin wool
44
- Grade of wool
- regular type of wool; may include reclaimed scraps from knits, broken
threads, and other sources
Ordinary wool
45
- Grade of wool
| - felted scraps shredded and then reused
Recycled wool
46
- Grade of wool
- high quality type of wool yarn named after the small english village of Worstead;
- very resilient and easily returns to its original shape and not prone to wrinkle
Worsted wool
47
From camel, goat, mohair, alpaca, llama, the vicuna(rarest) and horsehair
Hair
48
- fiber obtained from the soft undercoats of the lowly Kashmiri goat
- initially defined as wool but is finer, stronger, lighter, softer and approximately 3 times more insulating than sheep’s wool
Cashmere
49
- fine type of Cashmere,
- shorn from the undercoat of Himalayan Mountain Goats
- finer, thinner, therefore ideal for making lightweight apparel
Pashmina
50
- persian word for “king of woods”
- woven using the hair of a Tibetian Antelope known as Chiru
- finer than human hair
- very, very warm
- weighing almost nothing and as warm as a down comforter
Shahtoosh
51
- silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of Angora goat
- durable, resilient and notable for its high luster and sheen
- nicknamed the ‘diamond fiber’
- used in fiber blends to add these qualities to a textile
- warm in winter, has excellent insulating properties
- durable, naturally elastic, flame resistant and crease resistant
- more expensive than wool
Mohair
52
- Considered the most beautiful of all fibers due to its marvelous and natural luster
- Average length of filament is about 600 yards
- More wrinkle resistant than the natural cellulosic fibers
- Fragile and disintegrates or discolors in strong light
- Natural affinity to dyes but deteriorates from bleaches and cleaning acids
- Swells when damp
- Shrinks when dry
Silk
53
- Grade of silk
| - finest cultured silk yarn and is made from the longest filaments
“Organzine” or Thrown silk
54
- Grade of silk
| - Uses shorter strands (or broken strands) and have less luster and sheen
Tram, Spunsilk or Bourette
55
- Grade of silk
- silk fabric woven from silk made byb wild, uncultivated silkworms
- naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached
- rougher texture than cultivated silk
- used for weavubg rougher textiles such as pongee, shikj and shantung
Tussah
56
- Grade of silk
- silk comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms
- yarn is uneven like linen, irregular and larger than regular filaments
Duppion/ Dupioni
57
- Grade of silk
- one of the finest fabrics in the world
- unique manufacturing process with the end product coming out with unique patterns and colors
Thai Silk
58
- Mineral fiber
- Fluffy strands which are combined with cotton to produce a textile.
- Only natural material found in fiber form
- Fireproof – firefighter’s apparel
- When inhaled, they become lodged in the lungs and cannot be axpelled by coughing causes lung cancer
Asbestos
59
- Threads of gold, silver or copper
- These fibers do not tarnished
- Not affected by saltwateror humidity
- Used for sparkle, lending glitter to textiles
Metal Fibers
60
- Synthetic fiber (Cellulosic)
- First synthetic fiber
- ‘Poor man’s silk’ or ‘artificialsilk’
- Frequently blended with cotton or wool
- Can be found as the woven backing of velvet which bears nylon
- Blends well w other fibers, absorbent –
- Reasonable light and abrasion resistance
- Loses strength when wet
- Will rot under prolonged exposure to sunlight
- Low resiliency
Rayon
61
- Synthetic fiber (Cellulosic)
- Developed by Celanese Corp.
- Heat-treated against wrinkling; washable, fast drying
- Fibers are flexible – fabric with excellent draping qualities
- Needs special dyes
- Luxurious hand, woven unto expensive textiles
- thermoplastic fiber, easily damaged by heat and easily wrinkled
Acetate
62
- Synthetic fiber (Cellulosic)
- Good resiliency as compared with acetate
- Greater stability and abrasion resistance
- Shrink resistant and maintains a crisp finish
- Permanent pleats can be set in triacetate
- Used for textured knits and tricots
Triacetate
63
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Requires elements of petroleum, natural gas(carbon), air and water
- Produces long chainmolecules which are spun and stretched after coooling
- Strongest of all fibers
- Highly elastic
Nylon
64
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Developed by DuPoint Co. In 1950 under trade name ‘Orion’
- Coal, air, water, petroleum and limestone
- Staple fibers which are crimped before cutting
- Resistant to sunlight, and oil-borne and air-borne dirt
- Durable, abrasion resistant, mildew and moth proof
- Exceptionally light, providing bulk without weight
Acrylic
65
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Developed by Union Carbide in 1949
- Elements of natural gas, coal, air and salt and water
- Fibers are easily dyed – washable and drip dry
- Resistant to acids and alkalis
- Flame resistant, used for draperies and casement cloths
Modacylic
66
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Developed by Hercules Inc in 1961
- Relatively inexpensive and very popular for use as a carpet fiber
- Outstanding resistance to stains and crushing and lack of static generation
- Continues to increase in popularity as a carpet fiber
Olefins (Polypropylene and Polyethelene)
67
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Resistance to air-borne and oil-borne dirt, low moisture absorbency
- Wrinkle resistant
- High strength and resiliency
- Very low abrasion resistance
- Excellent crease resistance and easy to maintain
- Usually made into voile-like casement fabrics
- Knitted into upholstery-weight suede cloth
Polyester
68
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- First produced in fiber form – mid 1800s
- Inherently resistant to flame
- Strong and does not absorb moisture
- Very low abrasion resistance
- Ability to dye well
- Best used as drapery or casement cloth to semi-opaque casement
Glass Fiber
69
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Chemical fiber with make-up similar to nylon
- This fiber outperforms existing synthetics in washability, wrinklen resistance and ease of care
- Does not shrink
- Resembles silk in luster, weight, color, feel and drapability but can be ironed at high heat like cotton
Polynude Nylone
70
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening
- Can be used in curtains, drapery fabrics and wall covering
- Unaffected by sunlight, easy-to-care, wrinkle resistant and abrasion resistant
- High crease retention and dyeability
- Usually blended with rayon and modacrylic with Saran dominating
Saran
71
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Lycra
- Manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be repeteadly stretched w/o breaking and recover to its original length
- Adds stretch to fabrics without altering hand or appearance
- Bounces back without sag, whether on warp, fill or bias direction
- Can permanent pressed or soil resistant, washable and does not discolor
Spandex
72
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Have unique properties
- Under trade names Nomex and Kevlar
- Used as barrier fabric between the upholstery cushion and fabric in seating
- Used in bullet resistant vests
- Difficult to dye because they are not used for decorative purposes
Aramids
73
- Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
- Very fine, smaller than the diameter of a strand of silk which in itself is about is about 1/5 the diameter of a human hair
- Most common types are made from polyesters and polyamides
- Used to make mats, knits and weaves for apparel, upholster, cleaning products, etc.
- Shape, size and combinations of synthetic fibers are chosen for specific characteristics including softness, toughness, absorption, water repellency, electrostatics and filtering capabilities
Microfibers
