Light Flashcards
1
Q
What is daylight achieved by using windows or skylights, saving energy?
A
Natural Light
2
Q
What is light from electrical sources that is man-made and can be turned on and off?
A
Artificial Light
3
Q
What is also called background lighting, replacing natural light and providing uniform illumination?
A
General Lighting
4
Q
What provides high illumination over a small area, with lamp placement based on furniture position?
A
Local Lighting
5
Q
What is well-positioned and directed lighting for specific tasks with strong illumination?
A
Task Lighting
6
Q
What is a key element of creative lighting design that highlights specific objects?
A
Accent Lighting
7
Q
What emphasizes an object with strong illumination?
A
Highlight Lighting
8
Q
What illuminates an object from behind to enhance depth or separation?
A
Backlight Lighting
9
Q
What is light coming from the side?
A
Sidelight
10
Q
What is diffused light that produces little contrast and poorly defined shadows?
A
Soft Light
11
Q
What is direct light that produces high contrast and distinct shadows?
A
Hard Light
12
Q
What provides visual information for safety and comfort, used in areas of total blackness?
A
Informational Lighting
13
Q
What type of lighting directs 90-100% of light upwards?
A
Indirect Lighting
14
Q
What type of lighting directs 60-90% of light upwards and 40-10% downwards?
A
Semi-Indirect Lighting
15
Q
What type of lighting directs 90-100% of light downwards?
A
Direct Lighting
16
Q
What type of lighting directs 60-90% of light downwards and 40-10% upwards?
A
Semi-Direct Lighting
17
Q
What type of lighting distributes light on all sides?
A
General Lighting Distribution
18
Q
What is a light source shielded by a panel parallel to the wall and attached to the ceiling, distributing light downwards?
A
Cornice Lighting
19
Q
What is a light source shielded by a ledge, distributing light upwards over the ceiling and upper wall?
A
Cove Lighting
20
Q
What is a light source shielded by a panel parallel to the wall, usually across the top of a window, providing both upward and downward light?
A
Valance Lighting
21
Q
What is any device that produces light?
A
Light
22
Q
What is the part of a bulb that connects to a lamp holder?
A
Lamp Base
23
Q
What is the threadlike conductor of an electric lamp that is heated to incandescence by an electric current?
A
Filament
24
Q
What is the glass housing of a lamp?
A
Bulb
25
What is the first type of modern light that uses a filament encased in a bulb, heated to incandescence by an electric current?
Incandescent Lamp
26
What is a standard rounded bulb shape used for general-service lamps?
A Bulb
27
What is a bulge-shaped decorative bulb for low-wattage use?
B Bulb
28
What is a cone-shaped decorative bulb for low-wattage use?
C Bulb
29
What is a candle-shaped decorative bulb for low-wattage use?
CA Bulb
30
What is a reflector bulb made of blown glass for incandescent and high-intensity discharge lamps?
R Bulb
31
What is a parabolic aluminized reflector bulb made of cast glass for incandescent and high-intensity discharge lamps?
PAR Bulb
32
What is an ellipsoidal reflector bulb for incandescent lamps, designed to collect and redirect light into a dispersed pattern?
ER Bulb
33
What is a globe-shaped bulb for incandescent lamps with low brightness for exposed use?
G Bulb
34
What is a pear-shaped bulb for large incandescent lamps?
PS Bulb
35
What is a straight-sided decorative bulb for low-wattage incandescent lamps?
S Bulb
36
What is an ellipsoidal bulb?
E Bulb
37
What is a flame-shaped bulb?
F Bulb
38
What is a prism-shaped bulb?
P Bulb
39
What is a tube-shaped bulb?
T Bulb
40
What is a multi-faceted reflector bulb for tungsten-halogen lamps, with highly polished reflectors arranged to control beam spread?
MR Bulb
41
What is also called a quartz or quartz-iodine lamp, using a halogen gas cycle to prevent rapid filament depreciation?
Tungsten Lamp
42
What is a disadvantage of tungsten lamps?
Operates at very high temperatures, posing fire and burn hazards.
43
What is a cylindrical glass tube sealed at both ends, containing a mixture of inert gases, used in fluorescent lighting?
Fluorescent Lamp
44
What is the emission of radiation by a substance when exposed to external radiation?
Fluorescence
45
What is any number of substances that emit light when energized by radiation?
Phosphor
46
What type of fluorescent lamp is small, improved in efficiency, and compact?
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
47
What type of fluorescent lamp does not require a starter and has single-pin bases?
Slim-line Fluorescent Lamp
48
What is a doughnut-shaped fluorescent lamp for circular luminaries?
Circline Lamp
49
What is a U-shaped fluorescent lamp used for square or rectangular luminaries?
U-bent Lamp
50
What fluorescent lamp method requires a starter to preheat the cathodes before striking an arc?
Pre-heat Fluorescent Lamp
51
What fluorescent lamp method eliminates the starter and provides a current-limiting function with an automatic starting system?
Trigger-start Ballast
52
What fluorescent lamp method applies sufficient voltage between electrodes to strike an arc without preheating them?
Instant Start Fluorescent Lamp
53
What fluorescent lamp method uses low-resistance electrodes heated continuously and is the only type that can be dimmed?
Rapid Start Fluorescent Lamp
54
What is a control device in the metal base of a fluorescent lamp, supplying high voltage for starting and limiting current?
Choke Coil or Ballast
55
What is a self-contained, replaceable device that helps start a fluorescent lamp?
Automatic Switch or Starter
56
What is a type of lamp designed to fit the same space as an incandescent lamp but with fluorescent advantages?
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
57
What are the advantages of compact fluorescent lamps?
Longer rated life and lower energy consumption.
58
What are the disadvantages of compact fluorescent lamps?
Higher initial cost compared to incandescent lamps.
59
What is a cold-cathode lamp emitting a glow when high voltage is applied across two electrodes?
Neon Vapor Lamp
60
What type of lamp produces light when a high-pressure electric arc passes through a gas vapor?
High-Intensity Discharge Lamp
61
What type of lamp contains mercury vapor in a clear quartz arc tube, producing a blue-green light?
Mercury Vapor Lamp
62
What type of lamp contains a mixture of sodium and has an arc tube made of high-density polycrystalline alumina?
High Pressure Sodium Lamp
63
What is a type of lighting that utilizes LEDs, reducing heat generation?
Solid-State Lighting
64
What is the unit of light measurement?
Lumens
65
What is the amount of lumens falling on an area of 1 square foot?
Footcandle
66
What is the metric system equivalent of a footcandle?
Lux
67
What is the unit of light intensity?
Candlepower (CP)
68
What is the unit of brightness?
Footlambert (FL)
69
What is a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp and housing?
Luminaire
70
What is a surface for reflecting light or heat?
Reflector
71
What is a transparent material used to focus or disperse light?
Lens
72
What is a translucent material used to filter glare and distribute light?
Diffuser
73
What is a finned or vaned device controlling light radiation?
Louver
74
What type of lighting offers the greatest variety of designs and provides abundant general light?
Suspended Ceiling Lights
75
What is a decorative lighting fixture with branched supports for multiple lamps?
Chandelier
76
What lighting fixture is suspended by a flexible cord, allowing it to be raised or lowered?
Droplight
77
What type of light is fixed or suspended by a cord, wire, or chains?
Pendant
78
What is a wall-mounted light fixture that diffuses light into the room?
Wall Lights
79
What is a decorative wall bracket designed to hold candles or other lights?
Sconce
80
What type of lighting is used to bathe a wall in an even stream of light?
Wall Washers
81
What is ceiling-mounted lighting that is not recessed and provides general illumination?
Ceiling Lights
82
What type of lighting provides directional light in a downward stream and is often recessed?
Downlights
83
What type of lighting sends light upwards to accent interiors?
Uplights
84
What is a flexible, adjustable luminaire that directs light in a controlled beam and is effective for accent lighting?
Spotlights
85
What type of light fixture is free-standing?
Floor Lamps
86
What type of lamp provides a soft glow?
Table Lamps
87
What type of lamp provides task lighting and gives a concentrated directional light to a specific area?
Desk Lamps
88
What type of lighting consists of rigid or flexible tape with exposed low-voltage light sources, often used under counters and inside cabinets?
Strip Lighting
89
What type of lighting is designed for visual impact and provides aesthetic stimulation and amusement?
Visual Oddities
90
What is the intensity of light per unit area, referring to man-made lighting?
Illumination
91
What type of light is considered a perfect light source?
Sunlight
92
What type of illumination is essential for providing task lighting in a concentrated directional manner?
Electric Illumination
93
What is another term for brightness, referring to the light emanating from an object being viewed?
Luminance
94
What is the difference in brightness between an object and its background?
Contrast
95
What is excessive luminance ratio in the field of vision, causing discomfort?
Glare
96
What type of glare is caused by an annoying brightness of light in the normal field of vision?
Direct Glare
97
What type of glare is more serious, caused by reflected light from a glossy object?
Indirect Glare
98
What term refers to the control of shadows cast by light and the degree to which light is shadowless?
Diffuseness
99
What is the combination of applied arts and science in lighting?
Lighting Design
100
What refers to the amount of illumination or luminous flux per unit area, determining the number of light fixtures required?
Quantity of Light
101
What is the process by which the eye adjusts to a change in light level?
Adaptation
102
What is the general light entering a room from an adjacent space?
Ambient Light
103
What is an opaque or translucent element used to shield a lamp from view and absorb unwanted light?
Baffle
104
What device is used with HID and fluorescent lamps to establish circuit conditions necessary to start and operate the lamp?
Ballast
105
What refers to the distribution of brightness in a lighting installation, dealing with the essential nature and characteristics of light?
Quality of Light
106
What is the watt method for incandescent lighting per square foot and per square meter?
2-3 watts per sq. ft. or 24-27 watts per sqm
107
How do you determine fluorescent lighting requirements using the watt method?
Divide the total wattage by 5
108
What lamp was invented in 1783 by a Swiss named Argand, featuring a round wick and air introduction inside the wick?
Argand Lamp
109
What 19th-century oil lamp has swinging tubular arms furnished with an Argand burner?
Astral Lamp
110
What type of glare is so intense that it temporarily prevents vision?
Blinding Glare
111
What type of artificial light source is concealed behind a decorative facing, allowing light to diffuse over its edges?
Concealed Light (e.g., Cove or Valance Lighting)
112
What is an optical filter that selectively reflects some wavelengths while transmitting others?
Dichroic Mirror
113
What type of reflection appears scattered?
Diffuse Reflection
114
What device is used to regulate the intensity of light from a lamp?
Dimmer
115
What type of light is focused to travel in a particular direction using a reflector or baffle?
Directional Light
116
What type of glare reduces visibility and visual performance?
Disabling Glare
117
What type of glare is annoying but does not necessarily reduce visibility and visual performance?
Discomfort Glare
118
What is a recessed or semi-recessed lighting unit with a rotating spherical element that can project light in any direction below the ceiling line?
Eyeball Light
119
What is a method of transmitting light through long, flexible glass or plastic fibers using total internal reflection?
Fiber Optics
120
What device changes the quality of light by affecting its magnitude or spectral makeup?
Filter
121
What is the density of light on a surface?
Illuminance
122
What lighting unit contains lenses and mirrors to concentrate and intensify light in a limited angle?
Projector
123
What are devices that block, diffuse, or redirect light, such as a louver or a lampshade?
Shielding
124
What term is applied to any stray light outside the main concentration of the beam?
Spill Light
125
What type of glare occurs when reflections reduce contrast, making details indistinguishable?
Veiling Reflection
126
What is the horizontal surface at which a task is performed and where light levels are specified and measured?
Work Plane
