Glass Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
What is a hard, brittle, chemically inert substance produced by fusing silica with flux and stabilizer to a rigid condition without crystallization?
A
Glass
2
Q
What is the same as lead glass but with less lead?
A
Crystal Glass
3
Q
What term refers to all glass products in flat form?
A
Flat Glass
4
Q
What are consumer goods such as bottles, drinking glasses, or lamps, mostly made of soda-lime glass?
A
Hollowware
5
Q
What is obtained from beds of fine sand or pulverized sandstone?
A
Silica
6
Q
What substance lowers the melting point of glass?
A
Alkali
7
Q
What is used as a stabilizer in glass composition?
A
Lime
8
Q
What is waste glass that assists in melting the mixture?
A
Cullet
9
Q
What substance adds brilliance and weight to glass?
A
Lead
10
Q
What substance adds thermal and electrical resistance to glass?
A
Boron
11
Q
What increases the refractive index and is used in optical glass?
A
Barium
12
Q
What absorbs infrared rays in glass?
A
Cerium
13
Q
What imparts color to glass?
A
Metallic Oxides
14
Q
What is used to decolorize glass?
A
Manganese
15
Q
What is derived from rock crystals and applied to clean, highly refractive glass?
A
Crystal Glass
16
Q
What is the most common commercial glass?
A
Soda-Lime Glass
17
Q
What are the advantages of soda-lime glass?
A
Light transmission, non-porous, easily cleaned, inert, withstands repeated boiling
18
Q
What are the disadvantages of soda-lime glass?
A
High thermal expansion, high expansion rate, poor resistance to sudden temperature changes
19
Q
What are common uses of soda-lime glass?
A
Bottles, jars, drinking glasses, window glass
20
Q
What type of glass uses lead oxide and potassium oxide instead of calcium and sodium oxides?
A
Lead Glass
21
Q
What are the advantages of lead glass?
A
High refractive index, soft surface for engraving, radiation shielding
22
Q
What are common uses of lead glass?
A
Drinking glasses, vases, bowls, ashtrays, decorative items
23
Q
What glass type is composed of silica and boric oxide with smaller amounts of alkalis?
A
Borosilicate Glass
24
Q
What are the advantages of borosilicate glass?
A
High resistance to chemical corrosion and temperature change
25
What are common uses of borosilicate glass?
Ovenware, heat-resistant ware (e.g., Pyrex), industrial chemical plants, laboratory glassware, pharmaceutical ampoules and vials, high-power lamp bulbs
26
What type of glass is devised to meet specific requirements in various industries?
Special Glass
27
What are common uses of special glass?
Chemistry, pharmacy, electronics, optics, apparatus and instrument construction, lighting industries
28
What are the three major types of flat glass?
Sheet Glass, Plate Glass, Float Glass
29
What type of glass is made by drawing molten glass from a furnace, dividing it lengthwise, and flattening it?
Sheet Glass
30
What type of glass is made by rolling molten glass into a plate and grinding and polishing it after cooling?
Plate Glass
31
What type of glass is made by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and cooling it slowly?
Float Glass
32
What is glass that has been cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses?
Annealed Glass
33
What is annealed glass that is partially tempered by reheating and sudden cooling, making it twice as strong as annealed glass?
Heat-strengthened Glass
34
What is annealed glass that is reheated and rapidly cooled to induce compressive stress, making it stronger but unable to be altered after fabrication?
Tempered Glass
35
What type of glass consists of two or more plies bonded under heat and pressure with an interlayer to retain fragments if broken?
Laminated or Safety Glass
36
What is laminated glass with exceptional tensile and impact strength?
Security Glass
37
What type of glass has a square or diamond mesh embedded within to prevent shattering?
Wired Glass
38
What type of glass has a surface pattern to obscure vision or diffuse light?
Patterned Glass
39
What type of glass has one or both sides acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure vision but is difficult to clean?
Obscure Glass
40
What is opaque glass used in curtain wall construction to conceal structural elements?
Spandrel Glass
41
What is glass consisting of two or more sheets separated by a sealed air space for thermal insulation?
Insulating Glass
42
What type of glass contains chemical admixtures to absorb radiant heat and visible light?
Tinted Glass
43
What element gives glass a pale blue-green tint?
Iron Oxide
44
What elements give glass a grayish tint?
Cobalt Oxide and Nickel
45
What element gives glass a bronze tint?
Selenium
46
What type of glass has a thin metallic coating to reflect light and heat, creating a mirror effect?
Reflective Glass
47
What type of glass transmits visible light while selectively reflecting radiant heat?
Low-emission Glass (Low-E)
48
What is glass formed naturally from volcanic eruptions or high-temperature events?
Natural Glass
49
What is a natural glass of volcanic origin used by early humans for cutting tools?
Obsidian
50
What are naturally-formed glasses of extraterrestrial origin?
Tektites
51
What is the oldest known glass furnace in Egypt?
Tell-el-Amarna
52
What type of glass consists of varicolored glass canes fused together to form thick rods sliced into patterned pieces?
Mosaic Glass
53
What type of mosaic glass features colorful flower patterns?
Millefiori Glass
54
What is the oldest goblet ever found, belonging to Thutmose III?
Goblet of Thutmose III
55
What ancient civilization discovered the glassblowing technique?
Mesopotamians
56
What technique enables the production of thin-walled, fine glasses and allowed standardization?
Glassblowing
57
What type of glass is characterized by filigree, mosaic, and engraved decorations?
Roman Glass
58
What process involves grinding away superimposed glass layers to leave a design in white on a dark blue background?
Cameo Glass
59
What glass, also called Roman Glass, was transported across the Mediterranean by Phoenician merchants?
Phoenician Glass
60
What type of glass enclosed etched gold or silver designs between two clear panels?
Doppelwand Glass
61
What type of glass is decorated with ribbons of colored glass in fantastic patterns?
Snake-thread Glass
62
What is the name of Venetian glass that is thin and clear, developed in Murano?
Cristallo
63
What type of glass includes glittering gold particles?
Aventurine Glass
64
What is the delicate, colorful glass developed in Murano, Venice?
Murano Glass
65
What type of glass is potash-lime glass well-suited for wheel-engraved decoration?
German Glass
66
What country formally entered the glass market in the 19th century and produced large plate mirrors for Versailles?
France
67
Who applied Art Nouveau designs to glass creations?
Emile Gallé
68
What famous French glass manufacturer produces water-clear, bubble-free products?
Baccarat
69
What method involves creating decorative patterns on glass by pressing it into a mold?
Pressed Glass (Sandwich)
70
What glass technique, invented by René Lalique, involves alternating polished and dull surfaces?
Lalique Glass
71
What country’s glass has a high refractive index invaluable to the optical industry?
England
72
Who discovered that adding lead oxide to glass made it stronger and more brilliant?
George Ravenscroft
73
What is the rarest form of English glass, which resembles porcelain but becomes translucent under light?
Bristol Glass
74
What type of glass is tough and produces a clear note when struck?
Irish Glass
75
What is the collector’s item Irish glass known for fine cut glass chandeliers and bowls?
Waterford Glass
76
What American-made glass, developed by Henri William Stiegel, was produced in Pennsylvania?
Stiegel Glass
77
What crude, elementary glass, developed by Caspar Wistar, was America’s first flint glass?
Wistarburg Ware
78
What type of iridescent glass, invented by Louis Comfort Tiffany, was used for stained glass windows?
Tiffany Glass (Favrile Glass)
79
What glass, made in Peking during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, featured snuff bottles with interior paintings?
Peking Glass
80
What process involves etching glass with hydrofluoric acid?
Acid Etching
81
What company first developed acid etching on a commercial scale?
Richardson’s of Stourbridge, England
82
What is glass made before the Venetian era called?
Ancient Glass
83
What is the process of slowly cooling glass to relieve internal stresses?
Annealing
84
What is glass more than 25 years old called?
Antique Glass
85
What is shaping glass by blowing air through a hollow rod called?
Blown Glass
86
What is a small crack on the surface of glass called?
Check
87
What is broken or waste glass suitable for remelting?
Cullet
88
What is ornamentation created on clear glass using a diamond wheel?
Cut Glass
89
What large, full-length mirror usually stands on the floor?
Cheval Glass
90
What is glass used for ornamental purposes called?
Decorative Glass
91
What type of glass has opaque colors melted onto its surface?
Enameled Glass
92
What is crushed glass melted onto other glass to create patterns and colors?
Frit
93
What is a technique where two or more sections of glass are joined while hot?
Incalmo
94
What is colored glass coated with metallic oxides to create a shimmering effect?
Iridescent Glass
95
What is glass with lace-like patterns of white or colored threads inside clear glass?
Latticino
96
What is the process of working with glass using a direct flame?
Lamp Work
97
What is a fragile opalescent glassware made by the Romans?
Murrhine
98
What is a glass or mirror designed to stand on the floor?
Pier Glass
99
What is the iron rod used in glass manufacturing to carry hot materials?
Pontil
100
What is the mark left by the pontil after glass cools?
Pontil Mark
101
What is glass ornamented in relief by pressing it into a mold?
Pressed Glass
102
What type of heat-resistant glass was perfected in 1915 by Corning Glass Works?
Pyrex
103
What process removes layers of glass using compressed air and sand?
Sandblasting
104
What are leaded windows with intricate hand-painted pale-colored glass called?
Stained Glass
105
What is the window treatment designed to mimic stained or etched glass?
Stained Glass Overlay
106
What is glass breakage caused by rapid or uneven heating or cooling?
Thermal Shock
