Lining

Question 1

What is used to prepare walls and ceilings for painting?

Answer 1

Lining

Question 2

In what direction should lining paper be hung in relation to the top paper?

Answer 2

Opposite direction to the top paper

Question 3

What is the cheapest type of machine-printed design called?

Answer 3

Pulp

Question 4

How is the design applied in machine printing?

Answer 4

Printed directly onto the raw paper

Question 5

Why is machine-printed wallpaper difficult to hang?

Answer 5

Due to thinness and uneven shrinking

Question 6

What method of design production uses metal rollers for engraving?

Answer 6

Surface Printing

Question 7

What type of printing uses copper-covered steel rollers that engrave patterns photographically?

Answer 7

Rotogravure Printing

Question 8

How does rotogravure printing apply colors?

Answer 8

Each roller carries just one color

Question 9

What printing method applies designs using individual screens?

Answer 9

Silk-Screen Printing

Question 10

How many screens are used per color in silk-screen printing?

Answer 10

One screen per color

Question 11

What printing method involves hand-pressing separate wooden blocks for each motif?

Answer 11

Wood Block Printing

Question 12

What is the purpose of sealers in finishing?

Answer 12

To preserve the original look of a material

Question 13

What types of finishes can sealers have?

Answer 13

Gloss, semi-gloss, or matte finishes

Question 14

What sealer prepares the surface for the actual finish and provides a good base?

Answer 14

Sanding Sealer

Question 15

What does sanding sealer do to wood?

Answer 15

Fills pores and hardens the fine ends of the grain for smooth sanding

Question 16

Which sealer partly soaks into the surface and moves with the wood to prevent cracking?

Answer 16

Oleo-Resinous Seal

Question 17

What are the drawbacks of oleo-resinous seal?

Answer 17

Dries slowly and darkens over time

Question 18

What sealer forms a hard skin on top and is resistant to moisture and chemicals?

Answer 18

Polyurethane Seal

Question 19

What is the vernacular term for polyurethane seal due to its hardness and shine?

Answer 19

Diamond Finish

Question 20

What is the main purpose of fillers in wood finishing?

Answer 20

To cover holes, cracks, and imperfections before actual finishing

Question 21

What are paste fillers composed of?

Answer 21

Silex or stone dust, japan-drier, linseed oil, and turpentine

Question 22

How are paste fillers applied?

Answer 22

Applied with the grain, dried flat for 10 minutes, then wiped across the grain

Question 23

How long should paste fillers dry before sanding?

Answer 23

24 hours

Question 24

What is another name for crack fillers?

Answer 24

Plastic wood putty

Question 25

What are crack fillers used for?

Answer 25

Filling nail holes, cracks, and dents

Question 26

What are polishes used for in finishing?

Answer 26

To provide a protective or decorative surface finish

Question 27

What can over-application of spirit wax polishes cause?

Answer 27

Slippery buildup of dirt

Question 28

How often should marble or stone surfaces be polished?

Answer 28

Not every day

Question 29

What types of stains are available?

Answer 29

Wood tones and colors like red, blue, and green

Question 30

What is the safest type of stain to use?

Answer 30

Water-based stains

Question 31

What is a disadvantage of water-based stains?

Answer 31

They raise the grain of wood and require sanding before sealing

Question 32

What are oil wood stains made from?

Answer 32

Pigments derived from various earth clays, dissolved in linseed oil

Question 33

What is used to thin oil wood stains?

Answer 33

Turpentine

Question 34

What are water stains made from?

Answer 34

Aniline dyes and mineral extracts dissolved in hot water

Question 35

What are spirit or alcohol stains made from?

Answer 35

Aniline powders mixed with an alcohol solution and warmed alcohol

Question 36

What is shellac made from?

Answer 36

Seed lac and alcohol

Question 37

What is the natural color of shellac?

Answer 37

Orange

Question 38

How is white shellac obtained?

Answer 38

By bleaching

Question 39

What is shellac used for in finishing?

Answer 39

A preparatory coat for varnish and wax finishes

Question 40

Why is shellac used to cover wood knots?

Answer 40

It kills the resin in the knot and prevents discoloration

Question 41

What is varnish made from?

Answer 41

A resolution of resin in drying oil or a volatile solvent

Question 42

Does varnish contain pigment?

Answer 42

No, it hardens into a smooth, hard, and glossy coat

Question 43

What is the drying time for varnish?

Answer 43

4-24 hours

Question 44

When should varnish NOT be applied?

Answer 44

When the weather is moist or humid

Question 45

What is used to strip varnish off surfaces?

Answer 45

Stripsol

Question 46

What type of varnish is more durable than spirit varnishes?

Answer 46

Oil Varnishes