Female repro

Question 1

Common presenting complaints are… (4)

Answer 1

Vaginal bleeding
Pain
Discharge
Infertility

Question 2

Cervical screening takes a sample of cells from the…

Answer 2

Endocervix

Question 3

What age does cervical screening start?

Answer 3

25

Question 4

Up until you are 49 years of age how often do cervical screenings occur?

Answer 4

3 years

Question 5

Once you are over 49 how often do cervical screenings occur?

Answer 5

5 years

Question 6

What is the aim of cervical screening?

Answer 6

To detect disease in the early stages before it becomes invasive

Question 7

What are a vast amount of cervical carcinomas caused by?

Answer 7

HPV

Question 8

What does HPV stand for?

Answer 8

Human papilloma virus

Question 9

How is HPV contracted?

Answer 9

Sexually

Question 10

Low risk HPV can be…

Answer 10

Warts/verrucas

Question 11

What is HPV thought to be the main cause of?

Answer 11

CIN (cervical invasive carcinoma)

Question 12

Dyskariosis means…

Answer 12

Abnormal cytologic changes (usually categorised into 3 stages)

Question 13

If there are abnormalities in the cervical screening, what are people referred to?

Answer 13

Colposcopy

Question 14

CIN I/II/II are microscopic lesions that affect the cervix and if…

Answer 14

Left untreated could potentially develop into cervical cancer

Question 15

Risk factors of cervical cancer…

Answer 15

HPV
Smoking
Not attending CSP

Question 16

Symptoms of cervical cancer…

Answer 16

Discharge

Bleeding

Question 17

Treatment of cervical cancer…

Answer 17

Hysterectomy

Chemoradiotherapy

Question 18

Symptoms of endocervical polyps…

Answer 18

Irregular vaginal bleeding and spotting

Question 19

Endocervical polyps can be removed via…

Answer 19

Hysteroscopy

Question 20

Endocervical polyps are benign lesions…

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Menorrhagia is what?

Answer 21

Heavy periods

Question 22

What amount of blood loss is considered menorrhagia?

Answer 22

80ml+

Question 23

What does menorrhagia cause?

Answer 23

DUB
Fibroids
Endometriosis
Polyps

Question 24

Name treatments of menorrhagia…

Answer 24

Mirena coil 
Mefanamic and tranexamic acid
COCP
Depo provera
Endometrial ablation
Hysterectomy

Question 25

Fibroids are common what?

Answer 25

Benign tumours

Question 26

Which part of the female repro do fibroids originate from?

Answer 26

Myometrium

Question 27

Symptoms fibroids...

Answer 27

Heavy/painful periods Pelvic pain Distension

Question 28

Endometritis and PID are mainly caused by...

Answer 28

Usually sexually transmitted infection

Question 29

What symptoms can endometritis and PID present...

Answer 29

Abdominal discharge, pain or bleeding (can be asymptomatic)

Question 30

Endometritis and PID are NOT major causes of infertility... | TRUE or FALE

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Define endometriosis...

Answer 31

Endometrial tissue outside the endometrium

Question 32

Symptoms of endometriosis...

Answer 32

Painful periods Pelvic periods Painful sex

Question 33

Treatment of endometriosis...

Answer 33

COCP Mirena Zoladex Surgery

Question 34

Where do endometrial polyps originate from...

Answer 34

Endometrial cavity

Question 35

How can endometrial polyps be removed?

Answer 35

Can be removed at hysteroscopy

Question 36

Endometrial cancer is cancer of...

Answer 36

The lining of the uterus

Question 37

How is endometrial cancer diagnosed...

Answer 37

Via biopsy

Question 38

Risk factors of endometrial cancer...

Answer 38

Nulliparity (not had kids) High BMI HRT Late menopause

Question 39

People with endometrial cancer usually undergo...

Answer 39

TAH (Total abdominal hysterectomy) | BSO (Bilateral salpingo oophrectomy)

Question 40

What does endometrial carcinoma usually present as?

Answer 40

Post menopausal bleeding

Question 41

Risk factor of endometrial carcinoma...

Answer 41

Obesity | Oestrogen exposure

Question 42

Treatment of endometrial carcinoma...

Answer 42

Hysterectomy

Question 43

3 types of ovarian cysts...

Answer 43

Follicular cysts Cystadenomas Benign mature teratomas

Question 44

Define cancer...

Answer 44

Any malignant tumour

Question 45

Define carcinoma...

Answer 45

A malignant tissue of epithelial tissue

Question 46

Which ovarian cyst is filled with a solid substance?

Answer 46

Benign mature teratomas

Question 47

Which ovarian cysts are large and fluid filled?

Answer 47

Cystadenomas

Question 48

Which ovarian cysts are benign and very common...

Answer 48

Follicular cysts

Question 49

Define polycystic ovarian syndrome...

Answer 49

Multiple follicular cysts on ovary

Question 50

Symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome...

Answer 50

Irregular periods No periods Infertility

Question 51

Treatments of polycystic ovarian syndromes...

Answer 51

COCP Metformin Clomifene

Question 52

Complications of the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndromes...

Answer 52

Increased CV risk Increased risk T2DM Increased problems and pregnancy

Question 53

Name the 4 origins of where ovarian cysts arise from...

Answer 53

Surface epithelial cells Germ cells Sex-cord stroma Metastasis

Question 54

Ovarian cysts can be _____ or _______

Answer 54

Benign | Malignant

Question 55

Miscarriage occurs mainly in the...

Answer 55

1st 12 weeks

Question 56

On blood tests what would indicate ectopic pregnancy...

Answer 56

Raised beta HCG levels