Final Mock Test 9 Verbal Module 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
subordinate to
hạ cấp , ở dưới
phụ thuộc vào
intrinsic to
bản chất của
essential , inherent
Today, the mobile application Instagram is thought of exclusively as a photo- and video-sharing program, but image-sharing was originally ____ the app’s main purpose, which was to allow users to indicate their locations to other users in real time. Only once it became clear how popular the secondary feature of image-sharing was did the company shift to making that the app’s centerpiece.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.
subordinate to
B.
duplicated in
C.
extracted by
D.
intrinsic to
A
We are looking for a phrase that captures the idea that image-sharing was of lesser importance or secondary to the app’s main goal at the time.
misconstrue
hiểu sai
The Beirut Stock Exchange in Beirut, Lebanon, connects companies operating in Lebanon with potential investors. This is a valuable service since the time and expense necessary to find individual investors might otherwise be _____ for these companies: many of the companies could not operate if they had to do everything necessary to find investors for themselves.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.
distinctive
B.
misconstrued
C.
prohibitive
D.
beneficial
C
pretentious
khoe khoang , kiêu căng , tự phụ
incongruous
không phù hợp , vô lí
unassuming
khiêm tốn ( modest )
A casual description of Scherezade Garcia’s 2019 mural Blame It on the Bean: The Power of Coffee can make the work seem ______—a painting that is housed in a coffee shop and that depicts three women drinking coffee may not sound particular ambitious—but in fact the work is a complex, dynamic meditation on gender and the legacy of colonialism that demands serious attention.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.
incongruous
B.
shrewd
C.
pretentious
D.
unassuming
D
The following text is from Lady Gregory’s 1904 play Spreading the News. Mrs. Tarpey, Bartley, and Mrs. Fallon have been buying and selling goods at the local fair.
MRS. TARPEY: Good morrow, Bartley Fallon; good morrow, Mrs. Fallon. Well, Bartley, you’ll find no cause for complaining to-day; they are all saying it was a good fair.
BARTLEY: (Raising his voice.) It was not a good fair, Mrs. Tarpey. It was a scattered sort of a fair. If we didn’t expect more, we got less. That’s the way with me always; whatever I have to sell goes down and whatever I have to buy goes up. If there’s ever any misfortune coming to this world, it’s on myself it pitches, like a flock of crows on seed potatoes.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A.
It discusses an event that Mrs. Tarpey believes is unlikely to occur.
B.
It presents a vivid image to emphasize a claim that Bartley makes.
C.
It mounts a counterargument to a claim that Bartley made about the fair.
D.
It describes a scene that Bartley witnesses at the fair.
B
Text 1
In separate studies, Marine Fernandez and colleagues and Hualiang Zhang and colleagues examined whether plants transfer nutrients to one another using a common mycorrhizal network (CMN)—a lattice of fungal strands in the soil. Fernandez and colleagues excluded all pathways other than the CMN by using barriers to keep the plants’ root systems separate while allowing mycorrhizal strands through—a crucial step Zhang and colleagues’ study did not take.
Text 2
Fernandez and colleagues took the necessary precaution of separating the plants’ root systems (thereby excluding root-to-root transmission). However, any barrier used must allow the thread-like hyphae of a CMN to pass through, and this permeability would also allow liquids through. Thus, the researchers’ experimental design can not ensure that any nutrient transfer observed can be attributed to a CMN and not to some other pathway.
Based on the texts, the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 would most likely give the same answer to which question?
A.
Is there an available barrier material that can block roots and liquids while allowing fungal strands through?
B.
Did Zhang and colleagues’ study effectively exclude any nutrient pathway other than a CMN?
C.
Are the barriers used in Fernandez and colleagues’ study sufficient to ensure that nutrient transfer could only occur via a CMN?
D.
Do plants that transfer nutrients through a root-to-root pathway also transmit nutrients via a CMN?
B
Text 1 praises Fernandez and colleagues for taking precautions to isolate the CMN pathway (using barriers), and criticizes Zhang and colleagues for not doing so. So, Text 1 seems to consider Fernandez’s approach more rigorous and reliable.
Text 2, however, questions the effectiveness of Fernandez’s design by pointing out that the barriers still allow liquids through. That means some other pathway (not CMN) might be responsible for nutrient transfer, even in Fernandez’s study.
The following text is from Anthony Trollope’s 1855 novel The Warden. The narrator is describing a rectory, the residence of a clergyperson.
There was an air of heaviness about the rooms which might have been avoided without any sacrifice of propriety; colours might have been better chosen and lights more perfectly diffused; but perhaps in doing so the thorough clerical aspect of the whole might have been somewhat marred; at any rate, it was not without ample consideration that those thick, dark, costly carpets were put down; those embossed, but sombre [wallpapers] hung up; those heavy curtains draped so as to half exclude the light of the sun.
What does the text most strongly suggest about the rooms in the rectory?
A.
They are meant to feel comfortable but are in reality uninviting.
B.
They have been furnished with the intention of maintaining a sense of appropriateness.
C.
They are decorated in a style that strikes the narrator as too extravagant.
D.
They have many decorations the narrator finds good looking, but they are not particularly practical.
B
marred
bị hư hỏng
ample
rộng rãi
The following text is from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1830 short story “Sir William Phips.”
Few of the personages of past times(except such as have gained renown in fireside legends as well as in written history) are anything but mere names to their successors. They seldom stand up in our Imaginations like men. The knowledge, communicated by the historian and biographer, is analogous to that which we acquire of a country by the map, —minute, perhaps, and accurate, and available for all necessary purposes, but cold and naked, and wholly destitute of the mimic charm produced by landscape painting.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A.
Historians and biographers should write about little-known people as well as famous people.
B.
The lives of historical figures are usually documented as a collection of facts, rather than as a representation of their personalities.
C.
Historians should record fictional stories told about famous figures as well as stories that are strictly truthful.
D.
Paintings may be more beautiful than maps, but maps are more useful than paintings.
B
“Few of the personages of past times… are anything but mere names to their successors.”
→ Most historical figures are just names to us—lacking vividness or personality.
“They seldom stand up in our Imaginations like men.”
→ We don’t picture them as real, full human beings.
“The knowledge… is analogous to that which we acquire of a country by the map… minute… accurate… but cold and naked… destitute of the mimic charm… of landscape painting.”
→ Historical information is factual and precise, but emotionally flat—like a map vs. a painting.
seldom
hiếm khi
destitute
nghèo , túng thiếu
what is now Minnesota, the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community operates the Hocokata Ti, a cultural center. Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Dakota history and culture to the tribe’s citizens. The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, a tribe in North Dakota, employs a similar strategy in its own cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren’t Indigenous-led; when displaying Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous audiences and rely on Euro-centric strategies for designing exhibits.
The text best supports which conclusion about the cultural center operated by the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa?
A.
Its exhibits are likely intended to reconcile Indigenous perspectives with Euro-centric perspectives.
B.
Its exhibits likely rely on the traditional knowledge of multiple tribes.
C.
Its ability to present history and culture to tribal citizens is limited by its physical size.
D.
Its exhibits are likely designed for the benefit of audiences consisting mainly of tribal citizens.
D
The Bronze Age in Britain lasted from around 2500 BCE to approximately 700 BCE. Collections of metal items (called hoards) from all periods of the Bronze Age have been found in Britain, including the Arreton Down hoard of artifacts from the 17th century BCE, unearthed around 1735, and the much later Hollingbourne hoard of artifacts from the 10th century BCE, unearthed around 2003. Sometime in the Middle Bronze Age (approximately from the 14th century BCE to the 10th century BCE), metalsmiths in Britain began to develop swords for the first time. This fact helps explain why, whereas evidence of sword production was found in _____
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A.
both the Arreton Down hoard and the Hollingbourne hoard, only the latter included evidence of more refined sword production.
B.
hoards discovered before 2003, no such evidence was found in hoards that were discovered later.
C.
the Arreton Down hoard, no intact swords were found among the items in the hoard.
D.
the Hollingbourne hoard, no such evidence was found in the Arreton Down hoard.
D
Mongolia, which, according to international indices, has relatively strong democratic institutions and low intranational income inequality, experienced an inflation rate of 4.30% in 2017, whereas Cameroon, which shows the opposite pattern on such indices, had an inflation rate of only 0.64% that year. Such comparisons have engendered speculation that by diluting control over the economy, democratic institutions inhibit states’ ability to counteract inflationary pressures. To test this possibility systematically, Raj Desai et al. examined democratic strength, intranational inequality, and inflation in more than 100 countries, finding that democratic strength, if associated with low inequality, restrains inflationary pressures, suggesting that _____
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A.
it would be a mistake to treat the relative inflation rates of Mongolia and Cameroon as indicative of an inherent shortcoming in democratic institutions with regard to control over inflation.
B.
speculations about the relative inability of democratic institutions to counteract inflation are based on measures that tend to exaggerate the levels of inflation in strongly democratic countries such as Mongolia.
C.
the factor that contributed to Mongolia’s elevated inflation rate relative to Cameroon’s have less to do with the countries’ political institutions than with the countries’ levels of income inequality.
D.
the difference between Mongolia and Cameroon with regard to democratic institution strength may have been greater in 2017 than was represented by international indices.
A
Mongolia has strong democratic institutions and low income inequality, yet had higher inflation (4.30%) in 2017.
Cameroon has weaker democratic institutions and higher inequality, yet had lower inflation (0.64%).
This comparison led to speculation that democracy weakens a state’s ability to control inflation.
Raj Desai et al. conducted a large study and found:
When democratic strength is combined with low inequality, it actually restrains inflation.
So the researchers’ findings contradict the speculation, and provide nuance: democratic strength can help control inflation if inequality is low.
dilute
pha loãng
Though Middle English was widely spoken in fourteenth-century England, the English language was rarely employed in literature until poet Geoffrey Chaucer helped pioneer its literary use. _____ his manuscripts contain the first documented uses of over 2,000 English words—like the word “digestion” in his 1395 poem “The Squire’s Tale” —which led a contemporary to dub him “the first finder of our fair language.”
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A.
That being said,
B.
Indeed,
C.
Besides,
D.
However,
B
that being said
however
as such
for example
