Final terms part 5 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Final terms part 5 Deck (34)
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1
Q

bioinformatics

A

combines biology and computer science

  • find DNA with a sequence of interest
  • align sequences to look for similarities
  • predict structure and therefore function of RNAs and proteins
2
Q

transciptomics

A

study of the complete set of transcripts that are produced by a genome under a specific condition

3
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

transcribes DNA from RNA

4
Q

orthologous genes

A

similar genes between species

5
Q

paralogous genes

A

genes with similar function in same species

6
Q

homologous genes

A

related genes

7
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

tailoring drugs based on genetic information

8
Q

PCR

A

amplifies DNA

9
Q

cDNA

A

DNA based off of RNA

no introns

10
Q

Real-time PCR

A

measures the increase in the amount of PCR product during the thermocycling reaction

11
Q

RNA seq

A

method provides you with the sequences of all the transcripts in a sample

12
Q

genetic engineering

A

human manipulation of an organism’s genome

13
Q

transformation

A

genetic alteration of a cell by uptaking a piece of DNA

14
Q

clone

A

genetically identical

15
Q

DNA marker

A

a specific region of DNA that varies among individuals

16
Q

DNA polymorphisms

A

one of two or more alternate forms of a chromosomal locus that differ in nucleotide sequence or have variable numbers of repeated nucleotide units

17
Q

SNPs

A

single nucleotide polymorphism

18
Q

copy number variants

A

alterations of the genome that results in a cell having a variation in the number of copies of one or more section of DNA

19
Q

RFLP

A

technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences

20
Q

shotgun sequencing method

A

used to sequence long DNA strands

21
Q

Human genome project

A

used shotgun sequencing and Sanger sequencing to find the entire human genome

22
Q

Sanger method

A

chain terminating
polymerase adds nucelotides starting from a primar ased on complementary sequences
ddNTP

23
Q

next generation sequencing

A

affix DNA to solid support and was DNA NTPs across the DNA
light is emitted
faster and cheaper than shotgun sequencing

24
Q

annotation

A

identification and description of genes and their inportant sequences
goal to assign functions to all of the genes in an organsim

25
Q

haplotype

A

set of SNPs that are close together on a chromosome

26
Q

cloning vector

A

circular DNA of known sequence

27
Q

Southern blotting

A

used to detect a specific sequence in a sample

28
Q

restriction enzyme

A

naturally occuring, cut genome in specific place

29
Q

exonuclease

A

cuts ends of nucleic acids

30
Q

endonuclease

A

cuts within nuclei acids

31
Q

transgene

A

gene that is inserted into a cloning vector

32
Q

restriction mapping

A

use of restriction enzymes to map their locations on a plasmid

33
Q

recombination hot spot

A

area of chromosome where recombination is likely to occur

34
Q

recombination cold spot

A

area of chromosome where recombination usually does not occur