fINALS_3

Question 1

Responsible for using the organization’s resources

to help achieve its goals

Answer 1

MANAGERS

Question 2

A group of people working together in a structured
and coordinated way to achieve a set of goals

Answer 2

ORGANIZATION

Question 3

A set of activities directed at an organization’s
resources, with the aim of achieving organizational

goals

Answer 3

MANAGEMENT

Question 4

Small group of executives; manages the overall

organization

• President
• Vice President
• Chief Executive Officer

Answer 4

TOP MANAGERS

Question 5

Responsible for implementing the policies, plans
developed by top managers
* Plant Manager
* Operations Manager
* Division Head

Answer 5

MIDDLE MANAGERS

Question 6

Supervises and coordinates the activities of
operating employees

• Supervisor
• Coordinator
• Office Manager

Answer 6

FIRST-LINE
MANAGERS

Question 7

Setting an organization’s goals and deciding how

best to achieve themq

Answer 7

PLANNING

Question 8

Involves selecting a course of action from asset of

alternatives

Answer 8

DECISION-MAKING

Question 9

Determining how activities and resources are to be

grouped

Answer 9

ORGANIZING

Question 10

The set of processes used to get members of the
organization to work together to further the interests

of the organization

Answer 10

LEADING

Question 11

Monitoring organizational progress toward goal

attainment

Answer 11

CONTROLLING

Question 12

TWO TYPES OF
MANAGEMENT

1. Scientific Management
2. Administrative Management

Question 13

Improving the performance of individual workers

Answer 13

SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT

Question 14

Focuses on managing the total organization

Answer 14

ADMINISTRATIVE
MANAGEMENT

Question 15

Focuses on stable, simple organizations; has
proposed universal guidelines

Answer 15

CLASSICAL
MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVE

Question 16

Places more emphasis on individual attitudes,
behaviors, and group processes, and recognizes the
importance of behavioral processes

Answer 16

BEHAVIORAL
MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVE

Question 17

Focuses on decision-making, cost-effectiveness,
mathematical models, and the use of computers

Answer 17

QUANTITATIVE
MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVE

Question 18

Suggests that universal theories cannot be applied to
organizations because each organization is unique

Answer 18

CONTINGENCY
PERSPECTIVE

Question 19

System – an interrelated set of elements functioning

as a whole

Answer 19

SYSTEM
PERSPECTIVE

Question 20

Everything outside an organization’s boundaries

that might affect it
* General environment
* Task environment

Answer 20

EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT

Question 21

It consists of conditions and forces within the

organization

• Owners
• Board of Directors
• Employees
• Physical Work Environment

Answer 21

INTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT

Question 22

An individual’s personal beliefs about whether a
behavior, action, or decision is right or wrong

Answer 22

ETHICS

Question 23

Behavior that does not conform to generally
accepted social norms

Answer 23

UNETHICAL
BEHAVIOR

Question 24

Behavior that conforms to generally accepted social

norms

Answer 24

ETHICAL
BEHAVIOR

Question 25

Standards of behavior that guide individual managers in their work

Answer 25

MANAGERIAL ETHICS

Question 26

A formal, written statement of the values and ethical standards that guide a firm’s action

Answer 26

CODES OF ETHICS

Question 27

Are critical to organizational effectiveness, and they serve a number of purposes

Answer 27

(ORGANIZATIONAL) GOALS

Question 28

Set by and for an organization’s top management

Answer 28

STRATEGIC GOAL

Question 29

Set by and for an organization’s middle managers

Answer 29

TACTICAL GOAL

Question 30

Set by and for an organization’s lower-level managers

Answer 30

OPERATIONAL GOAL

Question 31

KINDS OF GOALS 1. Strategic 2. Tactical 3. Operational

Question 32

KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL PLANS 1. Strategic 2. Tactical 3. Operational

Question 33

Developed to achieve strategic goals; a general plan outlining decisions about resource allocation, priorities, and steps to reach strategic goals

Answer 33

STRATEGIC PLANS

Question 34

Aimed at achieving tactical goals; has shorter time horizon, and a more specific and concrete focus

Answer 34

TACTICAL PLANS

Question 35

Focuses on carrying out tactical plans to achieve operational goals; short-term focus and relatively narrow in scope

Answer 35

OPERATIONAL PLANS

Question 36

A comprehensive plan for accomplishing an organization’s goals

Answer 36

STRATEGY

Question 37

comprehensive and ongoing management process aimed at formulating and implementing effective strategies

Answer 37

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Question 38

Promotes a superior alignment between the organization and its environment, and the achievement of strategic goals

Answer 38

EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES

Question 39

An organizational strength possessed by only a small number of competing firms

Answer 39

DISTINCTIVE COMPETENCE

Question 40

Specifies the range of markets in which an organization will compete

Answer 40

SCOPE OF A STRATEGY

Question 41

How an organization distributes its resources across the areas in which it competes

Answer 41

RESOURCE DEPLOYMENT

Question 42

The act of choosing one alternative from among a set of alternatives

Answer 42

DECISION-MAKING

Question 43

Includes recognizing and defining the nature of a decision situation, identifying alternatives, choosing the best alternative, and putting it into practice

Answer 43

DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

Question 44

Relatively structured or recur with some frequency (or both)

Answer 44

PROGRAMMED DECISION

Question 45

Relatively unstructured and occur much less often; major factors are intuition and experience

Answer 45

NONPROGRAMMED DECISION

Question 46

When the decision maker knows with reasonable certainty what alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative

Answer 46

UNDER CERTAINTY

Question 47

Which the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with probability estimates

Answer 47

UNDER RISK

Question 48

Where the decision maker does not know all the alternatives, the risks associated with each, or the likely consequences of each alternative

Answer 48

UNDER UNCERTAINTY

Question 49

It rests on the assumptions that managers are logical and rational and that they make decisions that are in the organization’s best interests

Answer 49

THE CLASSICAL MODEL OF DECISION-MAKING

Question 50

A commitment to finding and using the best theory and data available at the time to make decisions

Answer 50

EVIDENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT

Question 51

One of the first experts to recognize that decisions are not always made with rationality and logic

Answer 51

HERBET A. SIMON

Question 52

An informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal

Answer 52

COALITION

Question 53

An innate belief about something without conscious consideration

Answer 53

INTUITION