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ANAT241- Module 3 > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

what id the function of the elbow joint?

A

Foreamr flexion and extension

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3
Q

what makes up the elbow joint?

A

-Humerus
-Ulna
-Radius

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4
Q

where does biceps brachii attach to the radius?

A

at the radial tuberosity

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5
Q

where does brachialis attach to the ulna?

A

Coronoid process

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6
Q

what joint is between the radius and ulna?

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint

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7
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

synovial joint between the radial head and the radial notch of the ulna

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8
Q

what is the function of the proximal radio-ulna joint?

A

pronation and supernation

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9
Q

what is the mechanism of a pivot joint?

A

In pivot joints, a rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket, permitting rotation

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10
Q

what ligament supports the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Anular ligament

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11
Q

what are the features of the anular ligament?

A

-Laxity in childhood
-Yanking movements can dislocate the radius
-Potential damage to ligament

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12
Q

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial pibot joint

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13
Q

what does the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint allow?

A

Allow twisting of the joint capsule during pronation

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14
Q

what is the function of the distal radiounlar joint?

A

supernation and pronation

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15
Q

what is pronation?

A

when the palm is faced down

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16
Q

what is supernation?

A

when the palm is faced upwards

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17
Q

what is the cubital fosa?

A

A triangluar space in the forearm

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18
Q

what muscles border the cubital fosa?

A

Pronator teres
Brachiorsialis
Epicondyles

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19
Q

what structures are nearby the cubital fosa?

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Medial cubital vein
Brachial artery
Medial nerve

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20
Q

what are the pronators of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

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21
Q

what are the supinators of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii
Supinator

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22
Q

where are the flexors in the forearm?

A

In the anterior compartment

23
Q

where are the extensors of the forearm?

A

In the posterior compartment

24
Q

what is the function of the forearm muscles?

A

Useful for control and forceful movements of the wrist and hand

25
Q

what does the brachial artery divide into?

A

Radial and ulnary arteries

26
Q

where does the ulnar artery run?

A

along the ulnar

27
Q

where does the radial artery run?

A

along the radius

28
Q

where can a pulse be easily palpated?

A

In the distal radial artery and ulnar artery

29
Q

what innervates the anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Median nerve- supplies most of the forearm muscles
Ulnar nerve- supplies some forearm muscles

30
Q

what innervates the posterior muscles of the forearm?

A

The radial nerve

31
Q

what does the median nerve innervate?

A

-most forearm muscles
-some hand muscles
-skin of 3 1/2 fingers

32
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

-some forearm muscles
-most hand muscles
-skin of 1 1/2 fingers

33
Q

what is wrist drop?

A

Weakness or paralysis on extensor muscles in the forearm, the wrist remains in a flexed postion

34
Q

what type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Ellipsoid (condyloid) synovial joint

35
Q

what is the wrist joint between?

A

The radius and proximal carpals

36
Q

what are the movements of the wrist?

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction

37
Q

what is a condyloid joint?

A

Condyloid joints (biaxial) permit flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction

38
Q

what type of joints are the intercarpal joints?

A

Synovial plane joints

39
Q

what are the proximal carpal bones, lateral to medial?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform

SLTP (SlutP)

40
Q

what are the distal carpal bones, lateral to medial?

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

TTCH (TiTwitch)

41
Q

what runs through the carpal tunnel?

A

the median nerve

42
Q

what bones form the carpal arch?

A

Pisiform
Traquetrum
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Tubercle

43
Q

what are the bones of the digits?

A

Metacarpals (proximal)
Phalanges (distal)

44
Q

what is the function of the hand?

A
  • Manipulation
  • Sensation
  • Interaction with environment
  • Joints within hands are synovial joints
45
Q

what movement can occur at the inter-phalangeal joints?

A

flexion and extension

46
Q

what movement can occur at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints?

A

Flexion, extension
Abduction, adducation
Circumduction

47
Q

what is the carpo-metacarpal joint 1?

A

joint at the thumb
Important for opposition

48
Q

what is the function of the carpo-metacarpal joints 2-5?

A

Minimal movement

49
Q

what is the arterial supply to the hand?

A

Radial and ulnar arteries form superficial and deep palmar arches in the hand
- these arches brach into the digits

50
Q

what is the venous supply of the hand?

A
  • the dorsal side of the hand has the dorsal venous network
  • Cephalic vein originates from the laterial side
  • Basilic vein originates from the medial side
51
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

for fine motor control

52
Q

what are the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

Thenar and hypothenar muscles are for thumb and digit 5 movements

  • Interossei muscles
53
Q

when are the thenar and hypothenar muscles of the hand used?

A

In grips, precise movement and control of the digits

54
Q

what is the function of the interossei muscles of the hand?

A

Digit abduction and adduction

ANAT241- Module 3 (9 decks)

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