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ANAT241- Module 3 > Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh > Flashcards

Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what are the abdominal Aorta branches? Medial to lateral

A

Abdominal aorta
Common iliac artery
External iliac artery
Femoral artery
Deep femoral artery

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2
Q

what is the femoral triangle?

A

Inverted triangle, a transition area from pelvis into thigh

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3
Q

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior base- inguinal ligament
Medial- adductor longus
Lateral- sartorius

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4
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral vein
Femoral artery
Femoral nerve

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5
Q

what is the main blood supply to the thigh muscle?

A

Deep femoral artery and vein
- It has perforating branches wrapping around the femur

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6
Q

when does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

once it passes through the adductor hiatus

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7
Q

where is the popliteal artery located?

A

the popliteal fossa

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8
Q

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius

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9
Q

what does the popliteal fossa contain?

A

Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

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10
Q

what are the three main peripheral nerves?

A

Sciatic (tibial and common fibular)
Femoral
Obturator
- gluteal nerves

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11
Q

where does the femoral nerve run?

A

The femoral nerve emerges between the psoas major and iliacus

Passes from the pelvis into the anterior thigh under the inguinal ligament

Runs through femoral triangle with the femoral artery and femoral vein

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12
Q

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Muscles in the anterior thigh
Skin in anterior thigh and medial leg

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13
Q

what are the main functions of the anterior muscles?

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

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14
Q

What does damage to the femoral nerve cause?

A

femoral nerve injury leads to weakness/difficulty in hip flexion and/or knee extension

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15
Q

where does the obturator nerve run?

A

Exits the pelvis into the medial thigh through the obturator foramen

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16
Q

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Innervates muscles in the medial compartments of the thigh

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17
Q

what is the main function of the medial thigh muscles?

A

The main function of these muscles is hip adduction

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18
Q

where does the sciatic nerve run?

A

Enter the posterior thigh through the greater sciatic foramen

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19
Q

what causes piriformis syndrome?

A

If sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle

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20
Q

what does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

the hip abductors

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21
Q

what are the main function of the hip abductors?

A

To maintain a level pelvis during single leg stance

Hip abduction and internal rotation

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22
Q

what can superior gluteal nerve injury lead to?

A

dropping of contralateral pelvis

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23
Q

what does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus maximus

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24
Q

what is the main function of the gluteus maximus?

A

hip extension

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25
Q

what does inferior gluteal nerve injury cause?

A

Not much impact on walking
Difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs

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26
Q

what are the muscle compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior- for flexion
Posterior- for extension
Medial- for adduction

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27
Q

what are the hip flexors?

A

iliopsoas

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28
Q

what are the iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus
Psoas

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29
Q

what is the origin of the iliacus?

A

iliac fossa and crest

30
Q

what is the origin of the psoas?

A

vertebrae

31
Q

where do the iliopsoas insert?

A

Lesser trochanter

32
Q

what is the functions of iliopsoas?

A

string hip flexors
flexes trunk if legs fixed

33
Q

what nerve innervates the iliopsoas?

A

femoral nerve

34
Q

what are the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

35
Q

what is the origin of the rectus femoris?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

36
Q

where does the rectus femoris insert?

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon
to
Patella
to
Patellas ligament
to
Tibial tuberosity

37
Q

what is the functions of the rectus femoris?

A

Hip joint- flexes
Knee joint- extends

38
Q

what innervated the rectus femoris?

A

Femoral

39
Q

what is the origin of the sartorius?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

40
Q

where is the insertion of the sartorius?

A

Medial side tibia

41
Q

what is the function of the sartorius?

A

Hip- flexes, abducts, externally rotates
Knee- flexes

42
Q

what innervates the sartorius?

A

femoral nerve

43
Q

what are the hip flexors?

A

Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Quadriceps femoris
Iliopsoas

44
Q

what is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

Pelvis, sacrum and coccyx

45
Q

where does the gluteus maximus insert?

A

Gluteal tuberosity
Iliotibial band

46
Q

what is the function of the gluteus maximus?

A

Hip extension

47
Q

what is the vascular and nerve supply to the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal vein
Inferior gluteal nerve

48
Q

what is the function of the gluteus maximus?

A

Hip extension
For climbing steps
For changing from sitting to standing position

49
Q

what are the three hamstring muscles?

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Biceps femoris (has a long and a short head)
50
Q

what are the hip extensors?

A

Hamstrings
Gluteus maximus

51
Q

where do the hamstrings insert?

A

Tibia- semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Head of the fibula- Bicep femoris

52
Q

what are the actions of the hamstrings?

A

Hip- extends
Knee- flexes

rotation at the knee (lateral rotation by bicep femoris, medial rotation by semitendinosus and semimembranosus)

53
Q

what innervates the hamstrings?

A

All are supplied by tibial nerve, except for short head of bicep femoris

54
Q

when do hamstring injuries occur?

A

May happen in sports requiring sudden acceleration or decelerations such as sprinting or kicking in balls

55
Q

what are the hip abductors?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus
Tensor fascia lata

56
Q

what is the origin of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Ilium

57
Q

where does the gluteus medius and minimus insert?

A

greater trochanter

58
Q

what is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?

A

ASIS and iliac crest

59
Q

where does the tensor fascia lata insert?

A

Iliotibial band (thickening of deep fascia of thigh)

60
Q

what is the function of the hip abductors?

A

Hip joint abduction and internal rotation

Maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance

61
Q

how do hip abductors help in contralateral pelvis?

A

In case of muscle weakness or nerve injury, dropping of contralateral pelvis

62
Q

what innervates and supplies blood to the hip abductos?

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Superior gluteal artery

63
Q

what are the hip adductors?

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

64
Q

what is the origin of the hip adductors?

A

Pubic bone

65
Q

where is the insertion of the hip adductors?

A

Femur

66
Q

what is the origin of the adductor magnus?

A

Pubic bone and Ishium

67
Q

where does the adductor magnus insert?

A

Femur and adductor tubercle

68
Q

what is the adductor hiatus?

A

Passage of femoral artery into popliteal space

69
Q

what is the function of hip adductors?

A

Stabilize one-leg stance, together with the abductors

Adductor magnus has a hamstring part for hip extension

70
Q

How do the hip adductors help in the swing phase?

A

Adductor longus contributes to hip flexion

71
Q

what innervates the hip adductors?

A

Innervated by the obturator nerve

72
Q

where do the hip adductors enter the thigh?

A

Through the obturator canal

ANAT241- Module 3 (9 decks)

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