Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh

Question 1

what are the abdominal Aorta branches? Medial to lateral

Answer 1

Abdominal aorta
Common iliac artery
External iliac artery
Femoral artery
Deep femoral artery

Question 2

what is the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

Inverted triangle, a transition area from pelvis into thigh

Question 3

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

Superior base- inguinal ligament
Medial- adductor longus
Lateral- sartorius

Question 4

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Femoral vein
Femoral artery
Femoral nerve

Question 5

what is the main blood supply to the thigh muscle?

Answer 5

Deep femoral artery and vein
- It has perforating branches wrapping around the femur

Question 6

when does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 6

once it passes through the adductor hiatus

Question 7

where is the popliteal artery located?

Answer 7

the popliteal fossa

Question 8

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 8

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius

Question 9

what does the popliteal fossa contain?

Answer 9

Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

Question 10

what are the three main peripheral nerves?

Answer 10

Sciatic (tibial and common fibular)
Femoral
Obturator
- gluteal nerves

Question 11

where does the femoral nerve run?

Answer 11

The femoral nerve emerges between the psoas major and iliacus

Passes from the pelvis into the anterior thigh under the inguinal ligament

Runs through femoral triangle with the femoral artery and femoral vein

Question 12

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

Answer 12

Muscles in the anterior thigh
Skin in anterior thigh and medial leg

Question 13

what are the main functions of the anterior muscles?

Answer 13

Hip flexion and knee extension

Question 14

What does damage to the femoral nerve cause?

Answer 14

femoral nerve injury leads to weakness/difficulty in hip flexion and/or knee extension

Question 15

where does the obturator nerve run?

Answer 15

Exits the pelvis into the medial thigh through the obturator foramen

Question 16

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 16

Innervates muscles in the medial compartments of the thigh

Question 17

what is the main function of the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 17

The main function of these muscles is hip adduction

Question 18

where does the sciatic nerve run?

Answer 18

Enter the posterior thigh through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 19

what causes piriformis syndrome?

Answer 19

If sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle

Question 20

what does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

Answer 20

the hip abductors

Question 21

what are the main function of the hip abductors?

Answer 21

To maintain a level pelvis during single leg stance

Hip abduction and internal rotation

Question 22

what can superior gluteal nerve injury lead to?

Answer 22

dropping of contralateral pelvis

Question 23

what does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

Answer 23

Gluteus maximus

Question 24

what is the main function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 24

hip extension

Question 25

what does inferior gluteal nerve injury cause?

Answer 25

Not much impact on walking Difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs

Question 26

what are the muscle compartments of the thigh?

Answer 26

Anterior- for flexion Posterior- for extension Medial- for adduction

Question 27

what are the hip flexors?

Answer 27

iliopsoas

Question 28

what are the iliopsoas?

Answer 28

Iliacus Psoas

Question 29

what is the origin of the iliacus?

Answer 29

iliac fossa and crest

Question 30

what is the origin of the psoas?

Answer 30

vertebrae

Question 31

where do the iliopsoas insert?

Answer 31

Lesser trochanter

Question 32

what is the functions of iliopsoas?

Answer 32

string hip flexors flexes trunk if legs fixed

Question 33

what nerve innervates the iliopsoas?

Answer 33

femoral nerve

Question 34

what are the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 34

Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis

Question 35

what is the origin of the rectus femoris?

Answer 35

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 36

where does the rectus femoris insert?

Answer 36

Quadriceps femoris tendon to Patella to Patellas ligament to Tibial tuberosity

Question 37

what is the functions of the rectus femoris?

Answer 37

Hip joint- flexes Knee joint- extends

Question 38

what innervated the rectus femoris?

Answer 38

Femoral

Question 39

what is the origin of the sartorius?

Answer 39

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 40

where is the insertion of the sartorius?

Answer 40

Medial side tibia

Question 41

what is the function of the sartorius?

Answer 41

Hip- flexes, abducts, externally rotates Knee- flexes

Question 42

what innervates the sartorius?

Answer 42

femoral nerve

Question 43

what are the hip flexors?

Answer 43

Sartorius Rectus femoris Quadriceps femoris Iliopsoas

Question 44

what is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 44

Pelvis, sacrum and coccyx

Question 45

where does the gluteus maximus insert?

Answer 45

Gluteal tuberosity Iliotibial band

Question 46

what is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 46

Hip extension

Question 47

what is the vascular and nerve supply to the gluteus maximus?

Answer 47

Inferior gluteal vein Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 48

what is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 48

Hip extension For climbing steps For changing from sitting to standing position

Question 49

what are the three hamstring muscles?

Answer 49

1. Semitendinosus 2. Semimembranosus 3. Biceps femoris (has a long and a short head)

Question 50

what are the hip extensors?

Answer 50

Hamstrings Gluteus maximus

Question 51

where do the hamstrings insert?

Answer 51

Tibia- semimembranosus and semitendinosus Head of the fibula- Bicep femoris

Question 52

what are the actions of the hamstrings?

Answer 52

Hip- extends Knee- flexes rotation at the knee (lateral rotation by bicep femoris, medial rotation by semitendinosus and semimembranosus)

Question 53

what innervates the hamstrings?

Answer 53

All are supplied by tibial nerve, except for short head of bicep femoris

Question 54

when do hamstring injuries occur?

Answer 54

May happen in sports requiring sudden acceleration or decelerations such as sprinting or kicking in balls

Question 55

what are the hip abductors?

Answer 55

Gluteus medius and minimus Tensor fascia lata

Question 56

what is the origin of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 56

Ilium

Question 57

where does the gluteus medius and minimus insert?

Answer 57

greater trochanter

Question 58

what is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 58

ASIS and iliac crest

Question 59

where does the tensor fascia lata insert?

Answer 59

Iliotibial band (thickening of deep fascia of thigh)

Question 60

what is the function of the hip abductors?

Answer 60

Hip joint abduction and internal rotation Maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance

Question 61

how do hip abductors help in contralateral pelvis?

Answer 61

In case of muscle weakness or nerve injury, dropping of contralateral pelvis

Question 62

what innervates and supplies blood to the hip abductos?

Answer 62

Superior gluteal nerve Superior gluteal artery

Question 63

what are the hip adductors?

Answer 63

Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Pectineus Gracilis

Question 64

what is the origin of the hip adductors?

Answer 64

Pubic bone

Question 65

where is the insertion of the hip adductors?

Answer 65

Femur

Question 66

what is the origin of the adductor magnus?

Answer 66

Pubic bone and Ishium

Question 67

where does the adductor magnus insert?

Answer 67

Femur and adductor tubercle

Question 68

what is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 68

Passage of femoral artery into popliteal space

Question 69

what is the function of hip adductors?

Answer 69

Stabilize one-leg stance, together with the abductors Adductor magnus has a hamstring part for hip extension

Question 70

How do the hip adductors help in the swing phase?

Answer 70

Adductor longus contributes to hip flexion

Question 71

what innervates the hip adductors?

Answer 71

Innervated by the obturator nerve

Question 72

where do the hip adductors enter the thigh?

Answer 72

Through the obturator canal