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ANAT241- Module 3 > Muscles of the vertebral column and torso > Flashcards

Muscles of the vertebral column and torso Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the vertebral column?

A

Posture - helps to keep balance and upright standing
-support head, neck and trunk
-protects spinal cord and spinal nerves

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2
Q

what are the curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Primary- kyphosis
Secondary- Lordosis

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the vertebral column curvatures?

A

-developed for upright position
-provide flexability and absorbance

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4
Q

what are the movements that the vertebral column facilitates?

A

Trunk movement
- flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

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5
Q

what are the three layers of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

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6
Q

what are the superficial intrinsic back muscles?

A

spinotransversales

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7
Q

what are the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?

A

erector spinae

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8
Q

what are the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A

transversospinalis

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9
Q

what are the spinotransversales muslces?

A

-Splenius capitis
-Splenius cervicis

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10
Q

what is the function of the spinotransversales muscles?

A

Bilaterally- extend the neck
Individually- rotate the head

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11
Q

what are the muscles that make up the erector spinae?

A

-Iliocostalis (lateral)
-Longissimus (intermediate)
-Spinalis (medial)

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12
Q

what is the function of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Bilaterally- extend the back
Maintain posture
Individually- lateral flexion

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13
Q

what is back strain?

A

-Common injury from overly strong contraction
- The muscles are stretched and may have microscopic tearing

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14
Q

what are the transversospinales muscles?

A
  • rotatores
  • Multifidus
  • Semispinalis
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15
Q

what is the muscle fibre orientation of the transversospinales muscles?

A

They run upwards, medially and obliquely from transverse processes to spinous processes

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16
Q

what are the features of the rotatores muscles?

A

-present throughout the entire length of the vertebral column
-extends from 1-2 vertebrae
-best seen in the thoracic area

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17
Q

what is the function of the rotatores muscles?

A

-Stabilize the vertebral column and maintain posture
- Bilaterally- extend back
- Ipsilaterally- lateral flexion
-assist in rotation

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18
Q

what are the features of the multifidus muscles?

A

Spans the entire length of the vertebral column
- extends from 2-4 vertebrae
- best seen in the lumbar area

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19
Q

what is the function of the multifidus muscles?

A

Bilaterally- extend back
Stabilize the vertebral column and maintain posture
Ipsilaterally- laterally flex

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20
Q

what are the features of semispinalis muscles?

A

-runs for about half of the vertebral column
- best seen at the back of the neck

21
Q

what is the function of semispinalis?

A

Bilaterally extend the back, involved in posture
Individually rotate the vertebral column

22
Q

what are the movements of the trunK?

A

Flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation

23
Q

what does the diaphragm seperate?

A

The thoracic and abdominal cavities

24
Q

what makes up the anterolateral wall of the trunk?

A

External oblique muscles
Internal oblique muscles
Transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

25
Q

what is the muscle fibre orientation of the external oblique muscles?

A

The muscle fibers are running inferiorly and medially

26
Q

what is the function of the external oblique muscles?

A

The increase the pressure in the abdominal cavity

27
Q

what is the muscle fiber orientation of the internal oblique muscles?

A

The muscle fibers are running superiorly and medially

28
Q

what is the function of the oblique muscles?

A

Helo with trunk rotation and lateral flexion

29
Q

what is the muscle fiber orientation of the transversus abdominis?

A

The muscle fibers are running transversely

30
Q

what is the function of rectus abdominis?

A

Vertical muscle for trunk flexion

31
Q

what is the entrance to the inguinal canal?

A

Deep inguinal ring

32
Q

what is the exit to the inguinal canal?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

33
Q

what runs through the inguinal canal in males?

A

spermatic cord

34
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia laterally, Conjoint tendon medially

35
Q

what forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

36
Q

what forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Internal obliques and the transverse abdominous aponeuroses

37
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

External obliques aponeurosis

38
Q

what is the conjoint tendon?

A

internal oblique + transversus abdominis aponeuroses

39
Q

what does the inguinal canal contain in females?

A
  • round ligament
  • genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • Ilioinguinal nerve
40
Q

what does the inguinal canal contain in males?

A
  • spermatic cord
    containing (vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
    -Ilioinguinal nerve
41
Q

how do the testicles descend?

A

Carry the different layers of muscle as they descend

42
Q

where do the testes develop?

A

In the extraperitoneal tissue on the posterior abdominal wall, but later migrate to enter the scrotum

43
Q

when during development do the testes travel through the inguinal canal?

A

week 28

44
Q

what is a hernia?

A

Protrusion of an organ or the fascia of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

45
Q

what are the different types of hernia?

A

-Inguinal
-Femoral
-Umbilical
-Incisional
-Hiatal
-Diastasis recti

46
Q

what are the different types of inguinal hernia?

A

Indirect
Direct

47
Q

what is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

More common
- due to patent processus vaginalis
- transverses the inguinal canal (through deep then superficial inguinal ring)

48
Q

what is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Less common
- due to weakness of the anterior abdominal wall
- pass through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

ANAT241- Module 3 (9 decks)

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