Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT241- Module 3 > Gait cycle > Flashcards

Gait cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of the leg anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the muscles of the leg deep posterior compartment?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor Hallicus longus
Flexor digitorum longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the muscles of the leg laterial compartment?

A

Fibularus longus
Fibularis brevis
- both evert the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the artery’s that supply the lower limb?

A

Femoral
Adductor hiatus
Popliteal
Anterior tibial
Posterior tibial
Fibular/Peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

Legs and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the divisions of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve
Common fibular/peroneal nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what innervates the anterior leg muscles?

A

The deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what innervates the lateral leg muscles?

A

superficial fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what innervates the posterior loeg muscles?

A

the tibial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is injury to the tibial nerve common?

A

No it is deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens if the tibial nerve is damages?

A

Paralysis of plantar flexors and intrinsic foot muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

The superficial fibular nerve
The deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

the lateral leg muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

the anterior leg muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does the deep fibular nerve run?

A

Descends in the leg along with the anterior tibial artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most commonly damaged lower limb nerve?

A

The common fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens when the common fibular nerve is injured?

A

Leads to foot drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two phases of the gait cycle?

A

The stance phase
The swing phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the features that are different in the running gait cycle?

A

There is no period of double support when running
Time and frequency of the stance phase is reduced
There are times when both feet are off the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the Float/aerial phase of the gait cycle?

A

In running when both feet are off the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens at the lower limb joints in standing?

A

The hip and knee joints are extended
The knees are locked (all the ligaments are tight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is the centre of gravity?

A

The centre of gravity is anterior to the ankle joint, so people tend to fall foward, but plantarflexors counteract this fall foward

23
Q

what muscle groups maintain standing?

A

Primary extensor muscles of the back and plantar flexors

24
Q

what are the repetitve sequences of the gait cycle?

A

Propulsion
Support

25
Q

how is the gait cycle initiated from standing?

A

Relaxation of plantarflexors

Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint

Then the limb enter into the swing phase

26
Q

what are the phases of the gait cycle?

A
  1. Heel-strike
  2. Support
  3. Toe off
  4. Carry through
27
Q

what are the gait cycle phases of stance?

A

Heel-strike
Support
Toe off

28
Q

what are the gait cycle phases of swing?

A

Carry though

29
Q

how does the gait cycle begin?

A

With heel stike

30
Q

how does the gait cycle end?

A

With toe off

31
Q

how does the swing phase begin and end?

A

Swing begins with toe off
Swing ends with heel strike

32
Q

what is happening in the joints of the lower limb during heel stike?

A

Ankle joint- dorsiflexed
Knee joint- extended
Hip joint- flexed

33
Q

what muscles are involved during heel stike?

A

Doriflexors
Knee extensors
Hip flexors

34
Q

what is the role of the hip during heel stike?

A

Shock absorption
Flexed hip gets extended after heel strike

35
Q

what is happening at the hip joint during the mid- stance phase of the gait cycle?

A

Progress of the body over the stationary foot
Maintain limb and trunk stability
Hip extension

36
Q

what is happening at the hip joint during late stance?

A

Progress of the body beyond the supporting foot
Accelerate the body
Hips start to flex in preparation for swing

37
Q

what is happening at the hip joint during mid-swing?

A

Limb advancement
Foot clearance off the ground
Hip flexors working

  • hip is in the anatomical position
38
Q

what is happening at the hip joint during late swing?

A

Complete limb advancement
Prepare for stance phase (deceleration)
Hip extensors contract to decelerate to foward movement

  • the hip is flexed
39
Q

what is the effect of high heeled shoes on stance?

A

Increased pressue on metatarso-phalangeal joints during stance

Prone to hallux valgus (bunion), calluses, metatarsalgia

40
Q

how do high heels effect the joints of the lower limb?

A

Increased knee joint flexion and plantarflexion at heel strike

Increased muscle activities… may lead to fatigue faster

41
Q

what is happening at the ankle joint during heel strike?

A

Initial impact
Shock absorption
Dorsiflexors contract to the lower foot to the ground

42
Q

what is happening at the ankle joint during mid stance?

A

The foot has been lowered to the ground
Movement foward
Dorsiflexors contract to pull tibia fowards over the foot, then gravity and momentum take over

  • ankle in anatomical position
43
Q

what is happening at the ankle joint during mid stance?

A

The foot has been lowered to the ground
Movement forward
Dorsiflexors contract to pull tibia forward over the foot, then gravity and momentum take over

  • ankle in anatomical position
44
Q

what is happening at the ankle joint during late stance?

A

Prepare for swing phase
Accelerate body forward
Toe-off propulsion

  • ankle is plantarflexer
45
Q

what is happening at the ankle joint during mid swing?

A

Limb advancement
Foot clearance off the ground
Dorsiflexors and toe extensors working

  • ankle is dorsiflexed
    -Toes extended
46
Q

what is happening at the ankle joint during late swing?

A

Complete limb advancement
Prepare for stance phase (deceleration)
Dorsiflexors and toe extensors ensure the foot is in optimal position for heel stike

  • ankle is dorsiflexed
47
Q

how does the gait cycle change with age?

A
  • muscles get weaker/atrophy
    -flexed posture in the lower limb during standing, flexed neck
  • balance compromised
    -Gait is slower, decreased stride length, increased stance time, more time in double stance, less propulsive forces developed
48
Q

what are some other causes of changes in the gait cycle?

A

Medical treatment

e.g. androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) causes muscle atrophy and increase fat in men

Reduced muscle force
Step width increases
Forward acceleration decreases
At risk of falling and bone fracture

49
Q

what happens to the gait cycle when hip abductors lose stength?

A

Unable to maintain pelvis level during single leg stance (contralateral drop)

50
Q

how does the body compensate for weakened hip adbuctors?

A

FLexion through the opposite side
Lateral trunk flexion

51
Q

how can the hip flexor action be damaged?

A

through damage to the superiorgluteal nerve

52
Q

what happens when dorsiflexor a weak?

A

Toes dont clear during swing
Foot slap/foot drop after heel strike

53
Q

how does the body compensate for weak dorsiflexion?

A

raise the knee higher in the swing phase

ANAT241- Module 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions