Pectoral girdle and shoulder

Question 1

what is the function of the upper limb?

Answer 1

Proximal (larger) muscles position hand
Distal (smaller) muscles for fine motor movements
Locomotion

Question 2

what are the superficial veins of the upper limb?

Answer 2

Cephalic
Basilic
dorsal venous arch

Question 3

what is venepuncture?

Answer 3

-Often done for blood collection or intravenous fluid/drug administration
-Commonly done through the median cubital vein (MCV)
-MCV connects the basilic vein to the cephalic vein

Question 4

what are the three plexuses of the nervous system?

Answer 4

Cervical- supplying the neck
Brachial- supplying upper limb
Lumbosacral- supplying lower limb

Question 5

what innervates the upper limb?

Answer 5

The brachial plexus

Question 6

what forms the brachial plexus?

Answer 6

the anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves

Question 7

What are the main branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 7

• Axillary
• Radial
• Musculocutaneous
• Median
• Ulnar

Question 8

what does the axillary nerve supply?

Answer 8

Deltoid and teres minor

Question 9

what does the radial nerve supply?

Answer 9

Posterior arm and forearm muscles

Question 10

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 10

• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis
• Coracobrachialis

Question 11

what does the median and ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 11

Anterior forearm and hand muscles

Question 12

what makes up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 12

scapula and clavicle

Question 13

what is the function of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 13

Attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Question 14

what is the function of the pectoral girdle ligaments?

Answer 14

-Limit movement
-Provide stability

Question 15

what does the pectoral girdle protect?

Answer 15

Veins
Arteries
Nerves

Question 16

what are the features of clavicle fracture?

Answer 16

Easily fractured
- commonly due to force from falling onto outstretched limb
- Medial fragment is pulled superiorly by sternocleidomastoid
- Lateral fragment drops because of gravity (may also be pulled medially by pectoralis major)

Question 17

what attaches at the subscapular fossa of the scapula?

Answer 17

Subscapularis

Question 18

what attaches at the superior angle of the scapula?

Answer 18

levator scapulae

Question 19

where does the scapula articulate with the sholder?

Answer 19

glenoid fossa

Question 20

what is a saddle joint?

Answer 20

In saddle joints (biaxial), saddle-shaped heads permit movement in two different planes

Question 21

what is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 21

between the sternum and clavicle
- saddle synovial joint, allowing biaxial movement
- has an articular disc

Question 22

what is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 22

synovial plane joint, allowing sliding movement
- has an incomplete articular disc
- extrinsic ligaments help stabilize the joint

Question 23

what are the key ligaments of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 23

• coraclavicular
• acromioclavicular
• coracoacromial

Question 24

what is the function of the pectoral girdle ligaments?

Answer 24

help stabilize the pectoral girdle

Question 25

what is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 25

joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
- synovial ball and socket joint
- wide range of movement

Question 26

what are the features of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 26

Relatively unstable and required external stabilization from
-ligaments and muscles
-Glenoid labrum
-capsule

Question 27

what direction does dislocation of the glenohumeral joint most commonly happen?

Answer 27

mostly happens inferiorly