FT LEC: Nucleic Acids

Question 1

an unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides

Answer 1

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 2

Provides information on how to make new cells

Answer 2

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 3

Who discovered Nucleic Acids?

Answer 3

Friedrich Miescher in 1869

Question 3

Initially found in cell nuclei and are acidic in nature

Answer 3

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 4

TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

Answer 4

1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 5

Passes from existing cells to new cells during cell division/mitosis

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 6

Found within the cell nucleus

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 7

Stores and transfers genetic information

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 8

Occurs in all parts of a cell

Answer 8

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 9

Primary function is the synthesis of proteins

Answer 9

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 10

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

Answer 10

NUCLEOTIDE

Question 11

a three-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base

Answer 11

NUCLEOTIDE

Question 11

For DNA

Answer 11

2-deoxyribose

Question 12

Components of a nucleotide

Answer 12

o Pentose sugar
o Heterocyclic base
o Phosphate group (PO43-)

Question 13

For RNA

Answer 13

Ribose

Question 14

Three pyrimidine derivatives

Answer 14

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)

Question 15

Two purine derivatives

Answer 15

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

Question 16

is found only in RNA

Answer 16

o Uracil

Question 17

is found only in DNA

Answer 17

o Thymine

Question 18

Derived from phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Answer 18

PHOSPATE

Question 18

The alternating sugar-phosphate chain in a nucleic acid structure is often called the

Answer 18

nucleic acid backbone

Question 19

the sequence in which nucleotides are linked together in a nucleic acid

Answer 19

PRIMARY NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE

Question 20

For DNA molecules, the backbone consists of alternating ___________

Answer 20

phosphate and deoxyribose sugar units

Question 21

For RNA molecules, the backbone consists of alternating ___________

Answer 21

phosphate and ribose sugar units

Question 22

Contains 2-deoxyribose

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

Does not contain uracil

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

Resistant to base hydrolysis

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

Contains ribose

Answer 25

RNA

Question 26

Does not contain thymine

Answer 26

RNA

Question 27

Sensitive to base hydrolysis

Answer 27

RNA

Question 27

Human DNA contains

Answer 27

o 30% adenine o 30% thymine o 20% guanine o 20% cytosine

Question 28

A–T and G–C pairing is termed __________

Answer 28

complementary

Question 29

most favored bonding in A–T and G–C pairs

Answer 29

o Hydrogen bonding

Question 30

G-C pairs are held together by

Answer 30

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 31

The total, unique DNA content of an organism is called its _________

Answer 31

genome

Question 31

A-T pairs are held together by

Answer 31

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 32

Two polynucleotide strands are coiled around each other in a spiral

Answer 32

DNA SEQUENCE

Question 33

carries the genetic information from DNA for the synthesis of proteins necessary for cellular function

Answer 33

RNA

Question 34

carries the genetic information of the cell

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

produce enough copies for itself and the production of a daughter cell during mitosis

Answer 35

REPLICATION

Question 36

RNA is formed by

Answer 36

Transcription

Question 36

Important enzymes in DNA replication include

Answer 36

1. DNA Helicase 2. DNA Polymerase 3. DNA Ligase

Question 37

responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix

Answer 37

DNA Helicase

Question 38

Important enzyme in transcription process is

Answer 38

RNA polymerase

Question 39

RNA is formed by ________ in order to carry information from DNA for protein synthesis. This process protects the DNA from mutations

Answer 39

Transcription

Question 40

The processing of information stored in DNA into biomolecules that dictate biochemical processes in the cell involve three steps

Answer 40

o Replication o Transcription o Translation

Question 41

Changes in DNA structure will affect the structure of proteins produced during translation

Answer 41

MUTATIONS

Question 42

Alterations in the structure of DNA are called

Answer 42

mutations

Question 43

Mutations can arise from exposure to physical or chemical agents that cause changes in DNA structure called __________

Answer 43

mutagens

Question 44

substitution of one nucleotide to another

Answer 44

POINT MUTATION

Question 45

removal of one or more nucleotides

Answer 45

DELETION MUTATION

Question 46

one or more nucleotides are added into the sequence

Answer 46

INSERTION MUTATION

Question 47

change in the DNA structure that does not change the amino acid coded

Answer 47

SILENT MUTATION