Lecture 5: Intro to Org Chem

Question 1

is the study of compounds that contain the element carbon

Answer 1

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 2

are made up of carbon and only a few other elements

Answer 2

Organic compounds

Question 3

any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen

Answer 3

HETEROATOM

Question 4

forms four covalent bond + no unshsred pairs of electrons

Answer 4

CARBON

Question 5

forms single, double, and triple bonds to other carbon atoms

Answer 5

CARBON

Question 6

most common multiple bond between carbon and a heteroatom is a __________

Answer 6

carbon-oxygen double bond

Question 7

forms one covalent bond + no unshared pairs of electrons

Answer 7

HYDROGEN

Question 8

forms three covalent bonds + one unshared pair of electrons

Answer 8

NITROGEN

Question 9

forms one covalent bond + three unshared pairs of electrons

Answer 9

HALOGEN

Question 10

forms two covalent bonds + two unshared pairs of electrons

Answer 10

OXYGEN

Question 11

common halogens

Answer 11

▪ flourine (F)
▪ chlorine (Cl)
▪ bromine (Br)
▪ iodine (I)
▪ astatine (At)

Question 12

VSEPR THEORY

Answer 12

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

Question 13

the most stable arrangement keeps the groups on a central atom as far away from each other as possible

Answer 13

VSEPR THEORY

Question 14

molecular geometry shapes

Answer 14

1. Linear
2. Trigonal planar
3. Tetrahedral
4. Bent
5. Trigonal pyramidal

Question 15

An atom surrounded by two groups is linear and has a bond angle of 180°

Answer 15

LINEAR

Question 16

An atom surrounded by three groups and has a bond angle of 120°

Answer 16

TRIGONAL PLANAR

Question 17

An atom surrounded by four groups and has a bond angle of 109.5°

Answer 17

TETRAHEDRAL

Question 18

Every carbon with four single bonds is ___________

Answer 18

tetrahedral

Question 19

for a bond in front of the plane

Answer 19

wedge

Question 19

for bonds in the plane

Answer 19

solid line

Question 20

for a bond behind the plane

Answer 20

dashed line

Question 21

An atom attached to three atoms and has 1 lone pair

Answer 21

TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL

Question 22

An atom attached to two atoms and has 2 lone pairs

Answer 22

BENT

Question 23

is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties

Answer 23

FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Question 24

compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen

Answer 24

HYDROCARBONS

Question 25

have only C–C single bonds and no functional group

Answer 25

ALKANES

Question 26

have only C–C double bonds as their functional group

Answer 26

ALKENES

Question 27

have only C–C triple bonds as their functional group

Answer 27

ALKYNES

Question 28

contain a benzene ring, a six-membered ring with three double bonds

Answer 28

AROMATICS

Question 29

Contains an —OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom

Answer 29

ALCOHOLS

Question 30

A compound containing an amino group

Answer 30

AMINE

Question 31

carbon–oxygen double bonds

Answer 31

CARBONYL GROUP

Question 32

Contains a hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 32

ALDEHYDE

Question 33

Contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

Answer 33

KETONE

Question 34

contains an OH group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 34

CAROBOXYLIC ACIDS

Question 35

contains an OR group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 35

ESTER

Question 36

contains an amino group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 36

AMIDE

Question 37

essential component of the vision receptors in the eyes

Answer 37

RETINOL

Question 37

Organic compounds are composed of __________ only

Answer 37

covalent bonds

Question 38

mostly nonpolar molecule with only one OH group, making it a fat-soluble vitamin

Answer 38

Vitamin A

Question 39

is important in the formation of collagen, the connective tissue of the skin

Answer 39

ASCORBIC ACID

Question 40

It has many polar bonds and many O atoms, making it a water-soluble vitamin

Answer 40

Vitamin C

Question 41

is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism

Answer 41

Metabolism

Question 42

which is present in alcoholic beverages, is one of the several molecules metabolized in the body

Answer 42

Ethanol

Question 43

Reaction of a compound with excess oxygen in the presence of heat that results in the release of heat or light energy

Answer 43

COMBUSTION REACTIONS

Question 44

Small organic compounds called monomers form covalent bonds with each other to form long chains called polymers

Answer 44

POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS

Question 45

Small organic compounds called monomers form covalent bonds with each other to form long chains called _______

Answer 45

polymers

Question 46

TYPES OF POLYMERS

Answer 46

1. Homopolymers 2. Heteropolymers

Question 47

composed of one type of monomers

Answer 47

Homopolymers

Question 48

composed of different types of monomers

Answer 48

Heteropolymers

Question 49

have an EVEN share of electrons, making both ends balanced

Answer 49

Nonpolar

Question 50

have an UNEVEN sharing of electrons, creating a positive and negative side

Answer 50

Polar

Question 51

the ability to be dissolved

Answer 51

Solubility