Gallbaldder And Pancreas

Question 1

What is the function of bile secretions?

Answer 1

Digestion of dietary fat

Excretory route for metabolites and drugs

Buffer to neutralize acid pH from the stomach

Question 2

________________ is a common result of fasting but can also be seen in Lantana camara toxicosis

Answer 2

Gallbladder distention

Question 3

Concretions of normally soluble component of bile

Answer 3

Choleliths (gallstones)

-composed of bile, cholesterol, pigments, and bile salts, Ca,

Question 4

What are common causes of biliary obstruction?

Answer 4

Cholangitis

Parasite

Fibrosis

Cholelithiasis (gall stones

Question 5

Biliary obstruction can result in????

Answer 5

Post hepatic jaundice
Hepatic atrophy
Biliary fibrosis

Question 6

What are common causes of gallbladder edema?

Answer 6

Right sided heart failure

Infectious canine hepatitis

Question 7

_____________ chloecystitis in calves can result form acute salmonellosis or yersiniosis

Answer 7

Fibrinous

Question 8

_____________ cholecystitis can be caused by salmonellosis or arsenic toxicosis in cattle

Answer 8

Hemorrhagic

Question 9

What is associated with mucocele (mucus cyst)

Answer 9

Gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia –> proliferation of mucus-producing glands affecting walls of gallbladder and bile ducts

Question 10

What types of gallbladder neoplasias have been described?

Answer 10

Adenoma or carcinoma

–> thickening of wall and discolouration of adjacent liverr

Question 11

T/F: like the liver, the pancreas has good regenerative capacity

Answer 11

False

Pancreas has very limited regenerative capacity

Question 12

What clinical signs can be associated with pancreatic disease?

Answer 12

Steatorrrhea
Diarrhea
Weight loss despite polyphagia

Acute-> severe abdominal pain

Question 13

T/F: Anomalous tail and ectopic pancrease are incidental findings

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Dislocation of portions of the duodenal buds during embryonic development leads to _____________

Answer 14

Ectopic pancreas

-> small noduels embedded in submucosal or muscularis of stomach/intestine/gallbladder/spleen/mesentary

Question 15

T/F: in dogs, pancreatic hypoplasia is a defect of the acinar tissue; the islet cell tissue may be normal

Answer 15

False

• > pancreatic hypoplasia occurs in calves(born this way)
• > dogs get pancreatic atrophy (acquired)

Question 16

Juvenile pancreatic atrophy is most frequent in what breed of dogs?

Answer 16

German shepherds -> autosomal recessive trait

Question 17

Pancreatic atrophy can be secondary to ???

Answer 17

Duct obstruction
Chronic inflammation
Neoplasia

Question 18

What PM change should you be aware of when examining pancreatic tissue?

Answer 18

Autolysis –> rupture of cells and release of enzymes

Question 19

Starvation results in loss of ____________________ of acinar cells of the pancreas

Answer 19

Zymogen granules

Question 20

Acute pancreatitis is AKA ?

Answer 20

Acute pancreatic necrosis
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

-> inflmmaiton and necrosis coexist in pancreas

Question 21

__________________ results from inappropriate activate of pancreatic pro-enzymes

Answer 21

Acute pancreatitis

–> autodigestion of pancreas and adipose tissue –. Inflammation

Question 22

What are predisposing factors on acute pancreatitis

Answer 22

Female, middle-aged to old, overweight/obese, sedentary dogs

Often after a high fat meal

Question 23

Dog with…

Severe abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, cardiovascular collapse in shock

Answer 23

Acute pancreatitis

Question 24

Animals surviving acute pancreatitis can develop???

Answer 24

Endocrine and exocrine insufficiency

Question 25

Pancreas Swollen , edematous Hemorrhagic Focal areas of grey-white discoloration

Answer 25

Acute pancreatitis

Question 26

What type of necrosis do you see in acute pancreatitis ?

Answer 26

Fat necrosis -> chalky white (saponification of adipose tissue)

Question 27

Histology of pancreas.. Interlobular stroma is edematous and contains fibrin Hemorrhage Inflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils) Necrosis and thrombosis of blood vessels

Answer 27

Acute pancreatitis

Question 28

Pancrease with fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy

Answer 28

Chronic pancreatitis

Question 29

What fungi of warm, humid regions causes a chronic pancreatitis marked my a scirrhous reaction

Answer 29

Phycomycosis

Question 30

In horses chronic pancreatitis is often secondary to ?

Answer 30

Parasitic migration (strongylus equinus) Ascending bacterial infection Chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Question 31

What is pancreatic lithiasis?

Answer 31

Calculi (stones) formed in pancreatic duct consisting mainly of calcium carbonate and calcium phosate

Question 32

Pancreatic lithiasis can be found as a consequence to??

Answer 32

Inflammation | Erratic liver fluke migration

Question 33

In what species is pancreatic lithiasis an incidental finding

Answer 33

Cattle (never large but very numerous like sand grains)

Question 34

Incidental finding in old dogs, cats, and cattle, that occurs in many foci and involves only the exocrine tissue. Flat elevations that are whiter and more firm than the surrounding tissue.

Answer 34

Nodular hyperplasia --> often difficult to differentiate form exocrine pancreatic adenoma

Question 35

How is nodular hyperplasia differentiated form pancreatic adenoma?

Answer 35

Histologically Hyperplasia -> cells of uniform size and shape, non-encapsulated and no not compress surrounding parenchyma

Question 36

A benign tumor of the exocrine pancreas

Answer 36

Pancreatic adenoma

Question 37

A malignant tumor of the exocrine pancrease

Answer 37

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 38

Pancreatic adenoma are rare but occasionally seen in ??

Answer 38

Old cats

Question 39

How do pancreatic adenoma appear histologically?

Answer 39

Surrounded by thick fibrous CT capsule Well demarcated, originating form pancreatic acini or duct Can be single or multiple

Question 40

Pancreatic adenocarcinomas appear how?

Answer 40

Less spherical and circumscribed Resemblance to scar tissue

Question 41

Where are common places to see metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma ??

Answer 41

Implant in peritoneum Liver Local lymph nodes Involved bile ducts and cause jaundice Invade duodenum

Question 42

The movement of a pancreastic adenocarcinoma from the pancrease to the peritoneal surface is what kind of movement?

Answer 42

Transceolomic translocation (surface oriented)