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RUSVM Pathology 2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What species has a multipyramidal appearance of the kiddy but has no external lobulation

A

Porcine

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2
Q

What species has multipyramidal kidney with external lobulation

A

Bovine

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3
Q

What is the absence of development of a kidney?

A

Renal aplaisa

Unilateral (incidental) or bilateral (fatal)

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4
Q

Renal aplasia is rare but can be seen in swine, cattle and dog, what breed of dogs does it have a familial tendency in?

A

Doberman pinscher and beagle

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5
Q

If there is a unilateral renal aplaisa, how will the functional kidney appear?

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

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6
Q

MDx for kidney with reduced size but normal architecture

A

Renal hypoplasia

Seen in pigs, foals, dogs, and chickens

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7
Q

MDx for a kidney that has abnormal and asynchronous differentiation of renal tissues

A

Renal dysplasia

-severe bilateral –> renal fialuare

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8
Q

What are causes of renal dysplasia in cats and dogs?

A

FIP

Canine herpesvirus

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9
Q

Cause of renal dysplasia in bovine

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus

Intrauritne urethral obstruction -calf

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10
Q

What is a cause of renal dysplasia in pigs

A

Hypovitaminosis A

Intrauterine urethral obstruction

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11
Q

Renal dysplasia can be an autosomal dominant trait in what sp?

A

Suffolk sheep

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12
Q

Fluid filled mass lined by cuboidal epithelium on the kidney

A

Renal cyst (may be uni, bilateral, or multiple)

Common congenital malformation

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13
Q

Kidney has a “honeycomb appearance” with numberous cysts in cortex and medulla. What is the condition and what are the causes

A

Polycystic kidney

Congenital -pig and labs
Inherited - certain dog, cat and goat breeds
Acquired - obstructed tubules in chronic renal disease

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14
Q

Normal kidney in abnormal places? Whhhhaaaaattt???

A

Ectopic kidney

Seen in dog and pig

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15
Q

Ectopic kidney can predispose an animal to??

A

Urethral obstruction

Development of hydronephrosis

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16
Q

What is a “horseshoe kidney”?

A

Congenital malformation

-fusion of the cranial or caudal poles of the kidney.

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17
Q

What is the most common PM change seen in kidney?

A

Autolysis

Kidneys are soft and friable

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18
Q

What pigmentation disturbances are seen in the kidney

A

Pseudomelanosis
Myoglobinuria
Lipofuscinosis
Bile

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19
Q

Hemoglobin will cause the kidney to be dark red - black, what would be the cause of this change?

A

Severe intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria

  • lepto
  • bacillary hemoglobinuria
  • babesiosis
  • chronic copper poisoning (sheep)
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20
Q

Sheep with..

Enlarged urinary bladder 
Adipose tissue is yellow in colour 
Liver in orange
Kidneys are dark red-black 
Dark-red urine
A

Hemoglobinuria secondary to copper poisoning.

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21
Q

Rhabdomyolysis can lead to what pigmentary change in the kidney?

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A

Myoglobin -> dark red to black kidney
Myoglobinuria

Also seen in equine paralytic myoglobinuria

22
Q

Cow kidneys are dark brown to black. What pigmentary change is this?

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A

Lipofucsinosis
Incidental finding

-would also see discolouration of the cardiac parenchyma (uniform dark brown)

23
Q

Kidney is diffusely yellow-green coloured. Is this abnormal

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A

Yes

Bile pigment -> choluria

24
Q

What leads to choluria?

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A

Obstructive jaundice or severe liver disease –> conjugated bilibrubin excreted in kidney

25
What change is occurring? Kidney is bright or dark red.
Circulatory disturbance | -hyperemia and congestion
26
What kind of circulatory disturbances leads to petechiae or eccymosis on the cortical surface of the kidney?
Renal hemorrhage
27
What lesions would you see in the kidney associated with DIC?
Renal petechia | -> vesicular injury/planet comsumpion
28
Your client just set their cattle loose in a field of sweet clover. What problems are associated with sweet clover, and what lesions would be present in the kidney?
Sweet clover is high in courmarin -> dicoumarol -> anti-vitK -> clotting issue (factors 2, 7, 9, 10)-> bleeding Kidney-> petechiation
29
What are hemophilia A and B? What lesions are associated?
Inherited factor deficiencies A- VIII (dog, cat, horse, cattle) B- IX (dog and cat) Renal petechia
30
Viremia can cause a renal petechia and ecchymosis. What would the DDx be in a pig vs dog
Pig - hog cholera (AKA classical swine fever) or African swine fever Dog-canine herpesvirus (neonatal)
31
T/F: bacteremia can cause a renal petechia?
True If septicemia is suspected - other tissues should also be affected (Eg pig - erysipelas, strep, salmonella)
32
What are two main causes of a renal ischemia?
Torsion - usually associated with trauma (leads to congestion-> enlarged reddened kidney) Infarct
33
In kidney, triangular area of pale tissue.
Renal infarct - usually associated wth thrombosis of renal vessels (e interlobular artery)
34
Acutely a renal infarct will appear _______, while a chronic infarct will be ______
Red (due to hemorrhage); pale
35
What is the pathogenesis of valvular endocarditis leading to renal ischemia?
Valvular endocarditis -> plaques (thrombus) present on valves --> breaks off and travels to kidney-> embolus causes an infarct in kidney
36
Well demarcated, circular area on the capsule of the kidney is depressed? What is the lesion due to?
Prolonged ischemia leads to coagulative necrosis -> affected area heals by fibrosis --> less tissue density of the CT (scar) tissue causes the depression seen.
37
Renal infarcts are most commonly seen in cattle and pigs with __________
Valvular endocarditis
38
Renal infarcts are most commonly seen in dogs with ______________
Renal amyloidosis -> loss of antithrombin III -> hypercoaguable patient
39
Renal infarcts are most commonly seen in cats with _________
Left atrial thrombosis
40
T/F: glomular amyloidosis is a protein losing-enteropathy
True Amyloid deposition leads to poor glomerular function --> protienuria
41
What is the difference between a primary and secondary amyloidosis?
Primary- due to abnormal production of Ab by plasma cells (rare) Secondary- serum a-globulin deposition that is associated with harmonic antigenic stimulation (common in domestic animals)
42
Kidney is enlarged, diffusely pale, and finely granular on the surface What is it?
Amyloidosis If stained with iodine -> soiled black dots in cortex = glomeruli filled with amyloid protein
43
Histo of kidney... Pink amorphous and acellular material in glomeruli
Amyloidosis
44
In what breed of cat and dog can a familial renal amyloidosis be present?
Abyssinian cat | Chinese shar pei
45
Bilateral renal cortical necrosis is an acute and severe ischemia of the renal cortex due to _____________?
Vasospasm of cortical vessels (usually associated with endotoxemia) -> patchy appearances with red and yellow marbled areas of discolouration
46
A localized ischemia of the renal medulla will causes what lesions?
Renal medullary (papillary) necrosis
47
What are causes of medullary necrosis?
Amyloidosis (cats) Pyelonephritis DM Urinary obstruction Anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs -phenylbutazone, phenacetin, aspirin.
48
T/F: renal tubular epithelium is metabolically very active, thus highly susceptible to ischemia or toxic damage
True
49
What is the DDX for diffusely pale kidneys?
Amyloidosis Acute nephrosis Glomerulonephritis Lymphosarcoma
50
Histo.. Cortex of kindey Fibrosis Tubular loss Architectural disorganization
Chronic Nephrosis
51
Histo.. Cortex of kidney. Swelling of the tubular epithelium Cytoplasm may be vacuolated and nucleus pyknotic, karyolytic Tubules are hypocellular, often dilated and contain cellular debris
Acute tubular nephrosis
52
Melamine/cyanuric acid will cause what disease condition?
Nephrosis -> renally toxic

RUSVM Pathology 2 (16 decks)

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