gender Flashcards

Question

explain the third stage of kolbergs theory

Answer 1

-gender constancy around the age of 6 children realise that gender remains the same across all time and situation they also start to seek out gender appropriate role models who they can imitate and identify with gender stereotyping may begin at this age

Answer 2

-research support evidence that gender constancy occurs around the age of 6. Damon found that boys aged 6 thought it was weird to play with dolls whilst boys aged 4 didn't think ti was a problem \ - methological problems only looked into psychical stereotypes of men and women

Answer 3

children's gender development changes within age children develop their understanding by actively structuring their own learning, not just observing

Answer 4

-gender schema after identity -gender schema determines behaviour (stereotypical of what is right and wrong to act like in relation to gender children tend to have a better gender schema in the in crowd rather than the outgrow- so who they identify with

Answer 5

+cultural differences- allowed to be seen as who you surround yourself with and who you see as the norms is how you act +supporrted by evidence. a study found that children under the age of 6 where more likely to remember photos of gender appropriate behaviour rather than gender inappropriate behaviour (women washing dishes) this evidences that children under six can also gender identify - earlier gender identity a longitudinal study found that boys and girls could identify if they were girls or boys at around 18 months of age, rather than 2-3 like suggested

Answer 6

Freud believed that children go through 5 psychosexual stages when it comes to the time of puberty. gender development occurs in the third stage the phallic stage.

Answer 7

during the phallic stage, girls have penis envy. They see themselves and their mothers first in line for their father's love, therefore creating a creating a resentment for their mothers. to replace the penis envy they maintain the desire for children instead, identifying therefore with their mothers

Answer 8

in the phallic stage, males develop a desire for their mothers, they see their father as a threat and therefore develops a hatred towards them alternatively they see their fathers as aggressive and able to castrate the sons due to this feeling, so therefore resolves this conflict by identifying with them.

Answer 9

a desire to associate with a a certain gender due to the characteristics they possess

Answer 10

adopting the charectaristics of a certain person

Answer 11

Little Hans- extreme fear of being bitten by horses, which had stemmed from him seeing a horse collapse on the street. freud believed this was a fear of castrartion, and had displaced his fear of castration onto horses

Answer 12

-lacks scientific credibility, as using dreams to evidence his work -inadequate account of females, whereby freud accepted that females were a mystery to him, and his electra complex only came from the belief that males are looked into m ore than males

Answer 13

the SLT states that social context plays a large role in development and states that behaviour is learnt through observation and immitation

Answer 14

Direct reinforcement- children are more likely to be praised for displaying gender appropriate behaviour. children are more likely to repeat behaviour which has been rewarded Vicarious reinforcement- if another person is seen to be rewarded for a specific behaviour, then they are more likely to portray that behaviour, if behaviour is seen to be unfavourable, then behaviour is less likely to be copied

Answer 15

children often identify with people they see as behaviour is desirable. children often find role models to be their parents, friends or even pop stars. often these are the same gender as children modelling is where a children watches a specific behaviour take place

Answer 16

1.ATTENTION 2.RETENTION 3.MOTOR REPRODUCTION 4.MOTIVATION

Answer 17

+evidence supporting the key principles of the SLT A study was done where a baby was dressed up as both a girl and a boy. it was found that when dressed as a boy, the child would more likely be given cars to play with, but when dressed as a girl, would be given barbies and dolls to play with. +accepts cultural changes in terms of behaviour

Answer 18

if a behaviour is present in many cultures, we can assume that the behaviour is innate, but if the behaviour is only present in one culture, we can conclude that it is decisive cultural differences (Nurture)- Tchambculi tribe women were likely to be aggressive and hostile, whilst the men were subordinate. this shows how some gender roles are taught and not biological Cultural similarities (nature) Buss found that there was similarities in mate patterns. Men often looked for women who were attractive and youthful, whilst women looked for men who could offer wealth and resources.

Answer 19

+research support- Hofstede found that the culture of gender roles is changing, whereby women now prioritise their careers - Meads work has been criticised as they often make generalisations

Answer 20

The media provides role models to children, and therefore children want to identify and imitate. Rigid stereotypes- the media show clear stereotypes that are rigid, showing men to be independent and advice givers whilst women are caregivers and advice seekers (Bussey and Bandura) Self-efficacy- suggests men and women are more likely to be successful if they effirm gender typical behaviour,

Answer 21

+cultivation theory- their is a link between how much media is consumed and a persons beliefs. Bond and Drogos found a link between watching Jersey Shore and casual sex -passive reciprients there may not be a casual relationship. children only believe what they see if it relates to their families beliefs

Answer 22

gender disphoria is when there is a mismatch between a persons sex and gender, therefore thy do not identify with the gender given at birth.

Answer 23

Brain Sex theory- has a basis in gender disphoria, the bed nucleus oof the stria terminalis. this area is found to be larger in men than women, and found to be female sized in transgender women genetic factors-Coolidge assessed 157 twin pairs and found that 62 percent could be linked to gender disphoria

Answer 24

-contradictory evidence- found that when given hormone treatment the size of th bed nucleus changes

Answer 25

social constructivism- people are forced to be either a man or a woman and not allowed to be in the middle. therefore those who want to identify with both sides might feel dysphoric pyschoanalytic theory- relationships with families are extremely important, if a boy feels extreme separation anxiety form their mothers they may feel feminine in a way to try and connect with them

Answer 26

+social constructivism is seen as some cultures have more Tham two genders

gender Flashcards

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