SCHIZOPHRENIA Flashcards
(13 cards)
define schizophrenia.
a severe mental disorder where reality and insight are impaired. This can cause symptoms such as psychosis.
explain how you classify schizophrenia
ICD-10 used in the UK ( 2 or more negative symptoms needed in order to diagnose)
DSM-5 used in the USA (only one positive symptom needed)
evaluate the classifications of schizophrenia.
s- reliability, consistent as each clinician will use the same diagnosis for the individual
w-low validity as their is two manuals, a study showed that they both produce different results for whether someone is schizo or not
w-gender biased, more assumed in men
w- culture biased, manuals come from westernised places.
define positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive symptoms are additional experiences which are additional to those above a persons ordinary experiences.
e.g. Hallucinations- unusal sensory experiences
Delusions- irrational beliefs
define negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
negative symptoms are the loss of usual activity and experiences.
e.g. speech poverty-having difficulty speaking or muddling up words
avolition- having difficulty beginning a task which needs to be done.
(Biological approach of schizophrenia)
explain the genetic basis of schizophrenia.
FAMILY STUDIES- allows us to see the genetic similarities to a relative with the disorder. (48% likely if identical twin, 2% if aunt has it, 9% if sibling has it.)
CANDIDATE GENES- the belief that one specific or faulty genes cause schizophrenia
THE ROLE OF MUTATION- mutation may have caused a faulty gene. This could have occurred by either poison, infection, or radiation.
(Biological approach of schizophrenia)
EVALUATE the genetic basis for schizophrenia.
S-stong evidence base and research support. Family studies show that there is an increased risk of schizophrenia dependent on if someone genetically similar to you also has it
W- doesn’t not take into account environmental factors
(Biological approach of schizophrenia)
explain neural correlates of schizophrenia
the original dopamine hypothesis-
the belief that high (hyperdopeaminergia) levels of dopamine in subcortical areas of the brain may cause schizophrenia.
THE UPDATED VERSION OF THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS-
addition of low amounts of dopamine in the Bains cortex
(Biological approach of schizophrenia)
EVALUATE the neural correlates for schizophrenia.
s- evidence for dopamine, antipsychotic drugs which reduce the rate of DA reduce symptoms of schizophrenia, showing its evident.
w- there is an evident role for glutamate.
(Psychological explanations of schizophrenia)
Explain family disfunction.
psychologists have attempted to link the development of schizophrenia to bad childhood experiences.
THE SCHIZOPHRENIA MOTHER- (Reichman) having a cold, rejecting mother who is sly and controlling, and creates a family dynamic which is tenious and secretive. This leads to paranoid delusions.
DOUBLE-BIND THEORY- a child who often finds themself in a situation where they fear doing the wrong thing, but don’t find clarity, and often is punished by removal of love. therefore they believe the world is dangerous and therefore devops delusions.
EXPRESSED EMOTION- high levels of emotions, often negative, emotion towards someone who has schizophrenia from their careers and family.
agression, hostilité, emotional overinvolvement.
this can lead to a serious amount of stress, even resulting in relapse.
explain the cognitive explanations for scchizophrenia
dysfunctional thinking
metarespresentation dysfunction
central control dysfunction
not being about to control autonomic movements
evaluate family therapy
+Research support- linking insecure attachment to schizophrenia
-do not take into account the environment
