Flashcards in General Chemistry Chapter 8: The Gas Phase Deck (23)
1
Are gases fluids?
yes; they conform to the shape of their containers
2
Gases are compressible or nah?
yes -- hella
3
What are the variables of gas systems?
temperature, pressure, volume, and number of moles
4
1 atm = ? mmHg = ? torr = ? kPa
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101.325 kPa
5
What does a simple mercury barometer measure?
incident pressure
6
standard temp and pressure
273 K and 1 atm
7
What do equations for ideal gases assume?
negligible mass and volume of gas molecules
8
ideal gas law
describes the relationship between the four variables of the gas state for an ideal gas
9
Avogadro's principle
a special case of the ideal gas law for which the pressure and temperature are held constant; it shows a direct relationship between the number of moles of gas and volume.
10
Boyle's law
temperature and number of moles are held constant
11
Charles's law
pressure and number of moles are held constant
12
Gay-lussac's law
volume and number of moles are kept constant
13
Dalton's law of partial pressure
states that individual gas components of a mixture of gases will exert individual pressures in proportion to their mole fractions
14
Henry's law
the amount of gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas at the surface of a solution.
15
Kinetic molecular theory
attempts to explain the behavior or gas particles.
16
Assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory
- negligible volume
- no intermolecular attractions or repulsions
- undergo random collisions with each other and the walls of the container
- collisions between gas particles and with the wall of the container are elastic.
- average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to temperature
17
Graham's law
describes the behavior of gas diffusion or effusion, stating that gases with lower molar masses will diffuse or effuse faster than gases with higher molar masses at the same temperature.
18
Diffusion
spreading out of particles from high to low concentration.
19
Effusion
movement of fas from one compartment to another through a small opening under pressure
20
Real gases
deviate from ideal behavior
21
moderately high pressures, low volumes or low temperatures... real gases:
occupy less volume than predicted because they have intermolecular attractions
22
extremely high pressures, low volumes or low pressure... real gases:
more volume than predicted because they occupy physical space.
23