Flashcards in Organic Chemistry Chapter 7: Aldehydes and ketones II Deck (13)
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1
Alpha carbon
carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon
2
Alpha hydrogens
hydrogens attached to the alpha carbon
3
Are alpha hydrogens acidic?
yes -- can be removed by a strong base
4
What stabilizes the enolate?
resonance with the carbonyl
5
Why are ketones less reactive?
Steric hindrance and alpha-carbanion destabilization
6
What are the two forms that aldehydes and ketones exist in?
keto forms and enol forms
7
Tautomers
isomers that can be interconverted by moving a hydrogen and a double bond. The keto and the enol are tautomers to each other.
8
Michael addition
an enolate attacks an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl creating a bond.
9
Kinetic enolate
favored by fast, irreversible reactions at higher temperatures with weaker, smaller, bases.
10
Enamines
tautomers of imines
11
Aldol condensation
the aldehyde or ketone acts as both nucleophilic and electrophilic, resulting in an aldol
12
Aldol
contains both aldehyde and alcohol functional groups
13
