Flashcards in Organic Chemistry Chapter 1: Nomenclature Deck (19)
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1
What is the basic 5 step process in naming chemical compounds?
1. find longest carbon chain that contains the highest priority functional group.
2. number the chain in such a way that the highest-priority functional group receives the lowest possible number.
3. name the substituents with a prefix.
4. assign a number to each of the substituents depending on the carbon to which it is bound
5. complete the name by alphabatizing the substituents and separating numbers from each other by commas and from words by hyphens.
2
What do alkanes end with?
-ane
3
What is the name for alkanes that have 1 carbon, 2 carbons, 3 carbons, and 4 carbons
1 - Methane
2 - Ethane
3 - Propane
4 - Butane
4
What do alkenes end with? alkynes?
-ene
-yne
5
What is the suffix for alcohol is it is the highest priority group? the prefix?
suffix - ol
prefix - hydroxy
6
Which has higher priority, alcohols or double or triple bonds?
alcohols
7
What are diols?
Diols have two hydroxyl groups
8
What is a germinal hydroxyl group? vicinal?
germinal - same carbon
vicinal - adjacent carbons
9
What is the suffix for aldehydes? prefix?
suffix - al
prefix - oxo
10
What is the suffix for aldehydes? prefix?
suffix - one
prefix - oxo or keto
11
What is the carbon next to the carbonyl group?
alpha carbon
12
What is the highest priority functional group?
Carboxylic acids
13
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
oic acid
14
What is the suffix for esters? prefix?
suffix - oate
prefix - alkoxycarbonyl
15
What is the suffix for amides? prefix?
suffix - amide
prefix - carbamoyl or amido-
16
What are substituents attached to the amide nitrogen designated with?
N -
17
What are anhydrides?
formed from two carboxylic acids by dehydration. They may be symmetric or asymmetric
18
What are anhydrides labeled with?
anhydride in place of acid.
19
