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M2015/16 > GI p. 342-346 > Flashcards

GI p. 342-346 Flashcards

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1
Q

extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds but not covered by peritoneum is called?

A

Gastroschisis

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2
Q

Foregut encompasses what structures?

A

pharynx to duodenum.

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3
Q

Midgut encompasses what structures?

A

duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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4
Q

Hindgut encompasses what structures?

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

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5
Q

persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum is called?

A

Omphalocele

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6
Q

(omphalocele) and gastroschisis are both due to what type of defective closure of the anterior abdominal
wall?

A

Lateral fold closure

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7
Q

T or F? prox 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line is Forgot.

A

F. Hindgut

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8
Q

Pectus excavatum due to what type of defective closure of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Rostral fold closure

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9
Q

intestinal obstruction in newborn babies who have Down synd is due to failure to?

A

Duodenal atresia due to failure to recanalize. double buble sign.

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10
Q

—– to 2nd duodenum is Foregut.

A

pharynx

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11
Q

Ectopia vesicae is due to:

A

bladder exstrophy is due to Caudal fold closure failure

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12
Q

Bonus q: polyhydramnios is seen with which congenital intestinal abnormalities? (DM mother)

A
  • Anenecephaly
  • facial cleft
  • Duodenal atresia
  • Esophageal atresia
  • Tracheoesophageal fistula
  • Diaphragmatic hernias
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13
Q

—– to proximal 2/3 of —- is Midgut

A

Duodenum

transverse colon

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14
Q

Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with what other congenital anomaly?

A

Epispadias.

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15
Q

After delivery of a cyanotic baby, doctor fails to pass nasogastric tube into stomach.

A

Clinical test for TEF

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16
Q

At — midgut herniates through umbilical ring.

A

6th week

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17
Q

Cyanosis in TEF is 2° — to avoid reflux-related aspiration.

A

laryngospasm

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18
Q

At — midgut returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around —-.

A

10th week

SMA

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19
Q

vascular accident can cause what 3 GI paths?

A

Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

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20
Q

What is visible in abdomen as a result of TEF on CXR? why?

A

Air, bc air can enter stomach.

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21
Q

Which Tracheoesophageal anomalies shows gasless abdomen on CXR?

A

In pure EA

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22
Q

3 Pathologys due to malrotation of midgut,

A
  • intestinal atresia or stenosis,

- volvulus

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23
Q

—- abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; Annular pancreas

A

ventral pancreatic bud

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24
Q

Pancreas divisum—ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at—–.

A

8 weeks

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25
Spleen—arises in mesentery of stomach hence is ---- but is supplied by ----.
mesodermal | foregut, celiac artery.
26
Retroperitoneal structures include ---- | that lack a ---- and non-GI structures.
GI structures | mesentery
27
what structures contribute to the pancreatic head?
Both the ventral and dorsal buds
28
Circumferential ectopic pancreatic tissue can cause what?
Stenosis of second part of duodenum
29
The dorsal pancreatic becomes what structures?
body, tail isthmus accessory pancreatic duct
30
what does SAD PUCKER stand for?
``` Suprarenal (adrenal) glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (descending and ascending) Kidneys Esophagus (thoracic portion) Rectum (partially) ```
31
what part of pancreas is not a retroperitoneal structure?
Tail
32
Hepatoduodenal ligament encompasses what structures?
Portal triad: Proper hepatic artery Common bile duct Portal vein
33
---- ligament separates greater and lesser sacs on the right and --- ligament separates greater and lesser sacs on the Left.
Gastrohepatic | GastrospLenic
34
Describe the Pringle maneuver?
Hepatoduodenal ligament compressed between | thumb and index finger at the lesser border of omental foramen to control bleeding.
35
What structures are likely injured if the bleeding continues after pringe maneuver?
inferior vena cava or the hepatic vein
36
Which ligament may be cut during surgery to access lesser sac?
Gastrohepatic
37
Which ligament contains the tail of pancreas?
Splenorenal
38
This layer is called Serosa when its ----, Adventitia when it is ----.
intraperitoneal | retroperitoneal
39
Layer containing muscularis mucosa?
Mucosa
40
Layer that contains Meissner nerve plexus and secretes fluid?
Submucosa
41
layer that contains Auerbach and is for motility?
Muscularis externa (Myenteric nerve plexus)
42
which GI structure has the fastest frequency of basal electric rhythm?
Duodenum—12 waves/min
43
T or F? Brunner glands are only found in duodenum.
T (hypertrophy)
44
Ulcers can extend into ---- , inner or outer -----layer.
submucosa, muscular
45
which GI structure has the slowest frequency of basal electric rhythm?
Stomach—3 waves/min
46
Erosions are in which layer/s?
mucosal layer only
47
The only 2 digestive organs not containing crypts of Lieberkühn?
stomach and esophagus
48
Brunner glands location and function?
HCO3 secreting cells of submucosa
49
Which structure has the largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine?
Illum
50
T or F? Peyer patches are found in the same structure as where vit B12 is absorbed.
T
51
which structure has crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi?
Colon
52
Describe the Superior mesenteric artery syndrome?
occurs when the transverse portion (third part) of the duodenum is entrapped between SMA and aorta, causing intestinal obstruction.
53
“Bifourcation” of abdominal aorta happens at what level?
L4
54
Arteries supplying GI structures branch ----. Arteries supplying non-GI structures branch ---- .
anteriorly | laterally
55
Level of transverse portion (third part) of the duodenum?
L1 (Superior mesenteric artery syndrome)
56
Level Inferior mesenteric artery?
L3
57
Distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse | colon is of which embryonic region?
Midgut
58
Which nerve is affected in chagas dz?
parasympathetic branches of the vagus nerve
59
PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION of vagus nerve is at which levels?
T12 - L1
60
spleen is supplied by which artery?
Celiac
61
splenic flexure is a watershed region between --- and ----.
SMA and IMA
62
Pharynx is only innervated by?
vagus nerve
63
upper portion of rectum is supplied by which artery?
IMA
64
Which structures in the intestine contain stem cells?
crypts of Lieberkühn

M2015/16 (27 decks)

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