Repro p. 563-567

Question 1

Umbilical arteries and vein are derived from —.

What is Wharton jelly?

Answer 1

allantois
A gelatinous substance that provides insulation and protection within the umbilical cord. Stem cells are present in Wharton’s jelly, as well as in umbilical cord blood.

Question 2

number of umbilical artery/ies?

Answer 2

2-vessel cord

Question 3

Drainage path of umbilical vein?

Answer 3

drains into IVC via ductus venosus

Question 4

In the —week the yolk sac forms the allantois,

—-week obliteration of vitelline duct.

Answer 4

3rd

7th

Question 5

Urachal cyst can lead to what 2 paths?

Answer 5

infection, adenocarcinoma.

Question 6

child presents with urine discharge from umbilicus. what is the path?

Answer 6

Patent urachus

Question 7

Child presents with meconium discharge from umbilicus. what is the path?

Answer 7

Vitelline fistula

Question 8

Partial closure of vitelline duct has what sx?

Answer 8

Meckel diverticulum–> Melena, hematochezia and abdominal pain.

Question 9

Meaning of this mnemonic: “1st arch is maximal.”

branch of which artery?

Answer 9

1st Aortic Arch: Part of maxillary artery (branch of external
carotid).

Question 10

Meaning of this mnemonic: “Second = Stapedial.”

Answer 10

2nd Aortic arch: Stapedial artery and hyoid artery.

Question 11

Meaning of this mnemonic: “C is 3rd letter of alphabet.”

Answer 11

3rd Aortic arch: Common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal Carotid artery.

Question 12

Meaning of this mnemonic: “4th arch (4 limbs) = systemic.”

Answer 12

4th Aortic arch: On left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of right subclavian artery

Question 13

6th aortic arch is the derivative of?

Answer 13

pulmonary and the pulmonary-to systemic shunt (ductus arteriosus).

Question 14

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around —- distal to ductus arteriosus.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around —.

Answer 14

aortic arch

right subclavian artery

Question 15

“CAP” refers to what?

Answer 15

Covers outside to inside:

Clefts = ectoderm
Arches = mesoderm + neural crest
Pouches = endoderm

Question 16

Pt presents with cyst within lateral neck, anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle, it is Immobile during swallowing. what is the path?

Answer 16

Persistent cervical sinus Ž–> branchial cleft cyst

Question 17

A neural crest dysfunction causing mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities is called?

Answer 17

Treacher Collins syndrome

Question 18

Pt presents with undersized jaw, displacement of the tongue toward the pharynx, cleft palate, and airway obstruction. what is the path?

Answer 18

Pierre Robin sequence

Question 19

Muscle that elevates the hyoid bone is from which Branchial arch?

Answer 19

anterior belly of digastric –> 1st

Question 20

CN used for chewing?

Answer 20

CN V2 and V3

Question 21

What is a common name of Mayer-Rokitansky- Küster-Hauser syndrome? describe the path?

Answer 21

Müllerian agenesis
1° amenorrhea (due to a lack of uterine
development) in females with fully developed
2° sexual characteristics (functional ovaries).

Question 22

In female developement — duct degenerates and — duct develops.

Answer 22

Mesonephric

paramesonephric

Question 23

— develops into male internal structures. Name those structures? “SEED”

Answer 23

Mesonephric duct
(except prostate)

Seminal vesicles,
Epididymis,
Ejaculatory duct,
Ductus deferens

Question 24

— secrete Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF). Function of MIF?

Answer 24

Sertoli cells

suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts.

Question 25

Name the internal female structures that arise from paramesonephric duct?

Answer 25

fallopian tubes, uterus, upper portion of vagina (lower portion from urogenital sinus).

Question 26

Genetically xy Pt presents with both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia. What embryological process was interrupted?

Answer 26

Degeneration of paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct (female internal genitalia) was not inhibited due to lack of Sertoli cells or Müllerian inhibitory factor.Ž

Question 27

Worried mother brought her 15 year old daughter for physical since she hasn't menstruated yet. Examination, shows a blind-ending vaginal pouch and virilization. what is the path?

Answer 27

5α-reductase deficiency | inability to convert testosterone into DHT

Question 28

DHT converts ----,---- into Male external genitalia and prostate

Answer 28

Genital tubercle, | urogenital sinus

Question 29

Function of SRY gene?

Answer 29

on Y chromosome --> produces testisdetermining factor

Question 30

"Ear, tonsils, bottom-to-top" stands for? | 1 2 3 3 4

Answer 30

``` 1 (ear), 2 (tonsils), 3 dorsal (bottom for inferior parathyroids), 3 ventral (to = thymus), 4 (top = superior parathyroids) ```

Question 31

Pt without parathyroid and conotruncal anomalies is suffering from what path?

Answer 31

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 32

what structure becomesŽ inferior parathyroids? | what structure becomes thymus?

Answer 32

3rd pouch Dorsal wings Ventral wings

Question 33

Dorsal wings in 4th pouch become--> Ventral wings in 4th pouch become-->

Answer 33

D---> superior parathyroids. V---> Žultimobranchial body V---> parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid.

Question 34

failure of fusion of which structures causes cleft lip?

Answer 34

maxillary and medial nasal processes

Question 35

Cleft palate—failure of fusion of the two ---- or failure of fusion of ---- with the ---- and/or ----.

Answer 35

lateral palatine shelves lateral palatine shelves with the nasal septum lateral median palatine shelf

Question 36

Name the CNs with both motor and sensory components

Answer 36

V3, VII, IX, X

Question 37

Which Branchial Arches form posterior 1⁄3 of tongue?

Answer 37

3 and 4

Question 38

all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid are derivatives of which arch?

Answer 38

6th arch

Question 39

Arches 1 2 3 4 6 name the CN? | "M S P ACCCT"

Answer 39

``` 1 --> V2, V3 2--> VII 3--> IX 4--> superior laryngeal branch of X 6--> recurrent laryngeal branc of X ```

Question 40

Which arch becomes platySma, posterior belly of digastric?

Answer 40

2nd arch

Question 41

Which arch becomes anterior belly of digastric?

Answer 41

1st arch

Question 42

Which arch becomes Greater horn of hyoid?

Answer 42

3rd arch