Immuno p.203-207

Question 1

Name all antigen presenting cells:

Answer 1

B cells, microphages, dendritic cells

Question 2

How many signals are required for T cell activation, B cell activation, and class switching?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What is a “Costimulatory signal”?

Answer 3

interaction of B7 and CD28 (signal 2).

Question 4

MHC II presents Ag to which CD cells?

Answer 4

CD4+ cell which are recognized by TCR

Question 5

MHC I presents Ag to which CD cells?

Answer 5

Tc (CD8+) cell

Question 6

5 steps in Naive T-cell activation:

Answer 6

1. Dendritic cell samples and processes antigen.
2. Dendritic cell migrates to the draining lymph node.
3. Antigen is presented on MHC II, MHC I
4. “Costimulatory signal”
5. Th cell activates and produces cytokines. Tc cell activates and is able to recognize and kill virus infected
   cell.

Question 7

What is the first signal in B-cell activation and class switching?

Answer 7

Foreign antigen is presented on MHC II and recognized by TCR on Th cell

Question 8

2nd signal of B-cell activation and class switching involves —– receptor on B cell binds —– on Th cell

Answer 8

CD40, CD40 ligand (CD40L)

Question 9

4 steps of B-cell activation and class switching:

Answer 9

1. Th-cell activation.
2. B-cell receptor–mediated endocytosis; foreign antigen is presented on MHC II and recognized by TCR on Th cell (signal 1).
3. CD40 receptor on B cell binds CD40 ligand (CD40L) on Th cell (signal 2).
4. Th cell secretes cytokines –> B cell activates and undergoes class switching, affinity maturation, and antibody production.

Question 10

— region of IgM and IgG fixes complement.

Answer 10

Fc region

Question 11

— region consisting of light (L) and heavy (H) chains recognizes antigens.

Answer 11

Fab (variable)

Question 12

In Digoxin toxicity what part of the antidote given targets Digoxin?

Answer 12

Fab (Digoxin immune Fab)

Question 13

Which part of an Ab has carbohydrate side chains?

Answer 13

Fc

Question 14

T or F? Fab has only 1 antigenic specificity expressed per B cell and has a carboxy terminal.

Answer 14

F. Fc has a carboxy terminal.

Question 15

Which region determines isotypes like IgM or IgD?

Answer 15

Fc

Question 16

Antibody diversity is generated by random recombination of – or — genes

Answer 16

VJ (light-chain)

V(D)J (heavy-chain)

Question 17

What is the function of TdT during Ab diversification?

Answer 17

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Adds nucleotides to DNA during recombination.

Question 18

Which lymphoid neoplasm has a TdT+ marker?

Answer 18

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

(marker of pre-T and pre-B cells),

Question 19

Mature B cells expresson which 2 immunoglobulins on their surfaces?

Answer 19

IgM and IgD

Question 20

Isotype switching of Ig is mediated by what 2 components?

Answer 20

cytokines and CD40L

Question 21

Which Ig has the lowest concentration in serum?

Answer 21

IgE

Question 22

Most abundant Ig isotype in serum?

Answer 22

IgG

Question 23

Ab that is a monomer in circulation or dimer (when secreted?

Answer 23

IgA

Question 24

IgA is produced in GI tract by — and protects against gut infections.

Answer 24

Peyer patches

Question 25

Main antibody in 2° (delayed) response to an antigen?

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

Ab that cross-links when exposed to allergen, mediating immediate (type I) hypersensitivity?

Answer 26

IgE

Question 27

What shape is IgM on B-cells?

Answer 27

Monomer on B cells

Question 28

Ab produced in the 1° (immediate) response to an antigen/

Answer 28

IgM

Question 29

Why do vaccines often require boosters and adjuvants?

Answer 29

Because Ag lacking a peptide component (e.g., lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria) cannot be presented by MHC to T cells.

Question 30

Name an example of Thymus-dependent | antigen?

Answer 30

diphtheria vaccine

Question 31

Name an example of Thymus-independent | antigen?

Answer 31

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Question 32

Name the 5 Acute-phase reactants that are up-regulated?

Answer 32

``` C-reactive protein Ferritin Fibrinogen Hepcidin Serum amyloid A ```

Question 33

APR are induced by:

Answer 33

induced by IL-6.

Question 34

which of the APR correlates with ESR?

Answer 34

Fibrinogen

Question 35

In anemia of chronic disease which APR is elevated?

Answer 35

Hepcidin

Question 36

Which APR is internalized by macrophages to sequester iron?

Answer 36

Transferrin

Question 37

Which APR is elevated in amyloidosis?

Answer 37

Serum amyloid A

Question 38

Albumin is down or up regulated in inflammation?

Answer 38

down reg.

Question 39

Membrane attack complex (MAC) defends against gram- ---- bacteria.

Answer 39

negative

Question 40

Lectin pathway is activated via:

Answer 40

mannose or other sugars on microbe surface.

Question 41

Complements during anaphylaxis?

Answer 41

C3a, C4a, C5a

Question 42

Two 1° opsonins in bacterial defense which enhance | phagocytosis?

Answer 42

C3b, IgG

Question 43

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is deficient in which components of complement?

Answer 43

Inhibitors defect: decay-accelerating factor (DAF, aka CD55)

Question 44

Another name for DAF?

Answer 44

GPI-anchored enzyme

Question 45

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in which Complement disorders?

Answer 45

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

Question 46

Complement disorders causing susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 46

C3 deficiency

Question 47

Another name for osteoclast-activating factor?

Answer 47

IL-1

Question 48

T or F? Interferon-γ causes cachexia in malignancy.

Answer 48

F. TNF-α does

Question 49

Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils?

Answer 49

IL-8

Question 50

T or F? TGF-β and IL-10 both aid the immune | response.

Answer 50

attenuate

Question 51

Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG?

Answer 51

IL-4

Question 52

Increases MHC expression and antigen presentation by all cells?

Answer 52

Interferon-γ

Question 53

Functions like Sargramostim?

Answer 53

IL-3 | it is a GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)

Question 54

Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines.

Answer 54

IL-10

Question 55

Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells?

Answer 55

IL-12