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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > GI Tract I > Flashcards

GI Tract I Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the GI tract

A

supply water, electrolytes, circulate blood, secrete digestive juices

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2
Q

What are the structural components of the GI tract

A

buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, rectum, anal cavity

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3
Q

What is the function of the buccal cavity

A

mastication, mix with saliva, mechanically break down food

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4
Q

Where does digestion begin

A

mouth

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5
Q

What does the buccal cavity form

A

soft bolus

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6
Q

What does the buccal cavity provide

A

lubrication, saliva

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7
Q

What does saliva contain

A

alpha amylase

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8
Q

What is the function of saliva

A

break down starch

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9
Q

Where does the oesophagus convey food to

A

stomach via upper sphincter

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the oesophagus

A

conduit between oropharynx and stomach, fibro-muscular tube

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11
Q

What doe the oesophagus consist of

A

muscles, mucosa, submucosa, connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus

A

convey food to stomach - peristaltic contraction

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13
Q

What is the stomach

A

elastic bag - holds masticated food

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14
Q

What does the stomach add

A

gastric acid, digestive enzymes

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15
Q

Where does the stomach lie

A

upper left part of abdominal cavity agains diaphragm

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16
Q

What does the stomach release

A

proteases, HCl

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17
Q

What is the function of proteases in the stomach

A

break up proteins

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18
Q

What is the function of HCl in the stomach

A

act as bacterial - stop proliferation

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19
Q

What is the product of the stomach

A

chyme

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20
Q

How does the stomach produce chyme

A

peristalsis

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21
Q

Where is the chyme from the stomach released into

A

duodenum

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22
Q

What is the duodenum

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A

small intestine

23
Q

What is the function of the duodenum

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A

break down, absorption

24
Q

Where does the bulk of digestion occur

25
What is secreted in the duodenum
intestinal juices, digestive enzymes
26
Where does the duodenum lie
directly adjacent to stomach
27
What is the function of the duodenum
enzymatic breakdown of chyme
28
How many regions does the duodenum have
4
29
What structure regulates the emptying of the stomach
duodenum
30
How does the duodenum regulate the emptying of the stomach
hormones; - secretin and cholecystokinin
31
What is the jejunum/ileum
small intestine
32
What secretes digestive enzymes into the jejunum/ileum
pancreas, liver via pancreatic duct
33
What is the function of jejunum/ileum
absorption
34
What line the inner surface of the jejunum
villi
35
What is the function of the villi of the jejunum
increase SA for greater absorption and blood supply
36
Describe the structure of the villi in the jejunum
brush border of microvilli on villi
37
Transport of ..... across epithelial cells is passive in the jejunum
sugars e.g. fructose
38
What have to be transported actively into the GI tract
amino acids, small peptides, glucose
39
What is different about the ileum compared to the jejunum
smaller lumen, thinner walls, more fat inside mesentery
40
What is the function of the ileum
absorbs B12, bile salts and products of digestion that weren't absorbed in the jejunum
41
What does the ileum have
abundant peyer's patches
42
What are Peyer's patches
encapsulated typhoid nodules
43
What do Peyer's patches contain
large numbers of immune system cells
44
What is the caecum
first part of large intestine
45
What is the function of the caecum
absorb salt and water, mix mucous into chyme
46
In what animal is the caecum larger?
herbivores
47
What does the caecum house in herbivores
cellulose digesting enzymes
48
In what animals is the caecum absent?
carnivores - replaced by appendix
49
What is the function of the rectum
absorption of electrolytes, water, thickens and stores faeces
50
What does the stretching of renal walls stimulate
stretch receptors, desire to defaecate
51
What is the function of the anal cavity
store faeces, regulate defection, lubricate
52
What components are part fo the upper GI tract
buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum
53
What components are part of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
54
What components are part of the lower GI tract
colon, rectum, anal canal

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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