Regulation of Blood Pressure

Question 1

What happens to a tissue if not enough blood is present

Answer 1

undergoes necrosis

Question 2

What relationship of haemodynamics is inversely proportional

Answer 2

resistance to flow

Question 3

What does vascular/total peripheral resistance depend on

Answer 3

size of vessel lumen, length of blood vessel, blood viscosity

Question 4

Describe the effect of blood viscosity on total peripheral resistance

Answer 4

as viscosity increases, blood flow decreases

Question 5

Describe the effect of blood vessel length of total peripheral resistance

Answer 5

longer the blood vessel - greater the resistance - slower flow

Question 6

Definition of blood pressure

Answer 6

force or hydrostatic pressure that blood exerts against blood vessel wall

Question 7

What does blood pressure vary depending on?

Answer 7

system, distance, systole or diastole

Question 8

what is systole

Answer 8

contraction

Question 9

what is diastole

Answer 9

relaxation

Question 10

When is peak systolic arterial BP attained

Answer 10

ventricular systole

Question 11

When is minimum diastolic pressure attained

Answer 11

ventricular diastole

Question 12

What is pulse pressure

Answer 12

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 13

What is systolic pressure mainly affected by

Answer 13

ejection velocity, stroke volume

Question 14

What is diastolic pressure mainly affected by

Answer 14

total peripheral resistance, arteriole resistance

Question 15

What is used to measure arterial BP

Answer 15

sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

Question 16

What are baroreceptors

Answer 16

free nerve endings

Question 17

What do baroreceptors detect

Answer 17

changes in stretch within blood vessels

Question 18

What are some examples of baroreceptors

Answer 18

carotid sinus, aortic arch

Question 19

What happens to baroreceptors when blood vessels stretch

Answer 19

increased APs - signal to cardio-vascular centres in the medulla

Question 20

What uses a negative feedback loop

Answer 20

baroreceptors

Question 21

What is the detector of short term BP regulation

Answer 21

baroreceptors

Question 22

What is the integrator of short term BP regulation

Answer 22

cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata

Question 23

What are the effectors for short term regulation fo arterial BP

Answer 23

cardiac muscle, vascular smooth muscle

Question 24

What does the vasomotor centre stimulate

Answer 24

sympathetic system

Question 25

What does activity of the vasomotor centre cause

Answer 25

noradrenaline release, vasoconstriction

Question 26

What is the function of the acceleratory centre

Answer 26

increase cardiac output, increase cardiac contractility

Question 27

What system does the acceleratory centre use

Answer 27

sympathetic

Question 28

What is the function of the cardioinhibitory centre when activated

Answer 28

decreases cardiac output

Question 29

What system controls the cardioinhibitory centre

Answer 29

parasympathetic

Question 30

How is blood pressure regulated

Answer 30

altering cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

Question 31

What does long term decrease in BP cause

Answer 31

release of renin

Question 32

What is the function of renin

Answer 32

converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

Question 33

What converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

Answer 33

ACE - angiotensinogen converting enzyme

Question 34

Where is ACE found

Answer 34

lungs and capillaries

Question 35

What is the function of angiotensin II

Answer 35

increases thirst, increases blood volume

Question 36

What brain region does angiotensin II act on

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

What does angiotensin II act on directly

Answer 37

blood vessels

Question 38

What is the effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels

Answer 38

vasoconstriction

Question 39

What other structure does angiotensin II act on

Answer 39

adrenal cortex

Question 40

What does angiotensin II cause to be released from the adrenal cortex

Answer 40

aldosterone

Question 41

What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidney

Answer 41

cells increase salt and water retention

Question 42

What is long term BP regulation an example of

Answer 42

negative feedback loop

Question 43

Which drug is an ACE inhibitor

Answer 43

Ramipril

Question 44

Which drug is an angiotensin receptor blocker

Answer 44

losartan

Question 45

Which drugs treat high BP

Answer 45

ramipril, losartan, thiazide diuretics, metoprolol, doxazosin, nifedipine

Question 46

What is the function of thiazide diuretics

Answer 46

reduce blood volume

Question 47

What drug decreases cardiac output

Answer 47

metoprolol

Question 48

What is metoprolol

Answer 48

sympathetic beta1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

Question 49

Which drug decreases total peripheral resistance via vasodilation

Answer 49

doxazosin, nifedipine

Question 50

What is doxazosin

Answer 50

sympathetic alpha1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

Question 51

What is nifedipine

Answer 51

calcium channel antagonist