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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > The Skin > Flashcards

The Skin Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

protection, temperature maintenance, sensory reception

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2
Q

How many layers does the skin have

A

3

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the skin

A

dermis, epidermis, hypodermis

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4
Q

What are the accessory structures in the skin

A

glands, hair, nails

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5
Q

What are the two types of skin

A

thick, thin

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6
Q

How many layers in thick skin

A

5

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7
Q

How many layers in thin skin

A

4

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8
Q

Where is thick skin found

A

palms, feet

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9
Q

Describe the epidermis

A

stratified, squamous, keratinised epithelium

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10
Q

Where are keratinocytes born

A

lower layer of epidermis

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11
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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12
Q

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis

A

stratum basale

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13
Q

What is the stratum basale anchored onto

A

basement membrane

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14
Q

What separates stratum basale from underlying dermis

A

basement membrane

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15
Q

What is the main cell type in stratum basale

A

keratinocytes

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16
Q

What cell types are located in the stratum basale

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells

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17
Q

Describe the keratinocytes in stratum basale

A

highly proliferative

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18
Q

What do melanocytes produce

A

melanin pigment

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19
Q

What are the two types of melanin

A

eumelanin, pheomelanin

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20
Q

What is the thickest layer of epidermis

A

stratum spinosum

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21
Q

Describe the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum

A

flattened shape, produce keratin, detached from BM

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22
Q

What are the two cell types in stratum spinosum

A

keratinocytes, dendritic cells - langerhans

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23
Q

What is the function of langerhans - dendritic cells

A

fight infection

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24
Q

What is the last layer of epidermis to have live cells

Study These Flashcards
A

stratum granulosum

25
What is present in the stratum granulosum
glycolipids, keratinocytes
26
What is the function of glycolipids in stratum granulosum
water resistant layer
27
Describe the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum
post-mitotic
28
What does keratin form in stratum granulosum
durable filaments - elasticity
29
What does stratum lucidum only exist in
thick skin
30
What is the appearance of stratum lucidum
translucent
31
What is the most superficial layer of skin
stratum corneum
32
Describe the composition of the stratum corneum
high lipid content, dead cells
33
How do keratinocytes migrate
travel upwards, die in most superficial layer
34
What do keratinocytes produce
keratin
35
What are the two layers of the dermis
papillary layer, reticular layer
36
TRUE or FALSE - the dermis has a regular shape
FALSE
37
How is the dermis attached to the epidermis
anchored through papillary layer
38
Describe the papillary layer
superficial, in contact with epidermis
39
What is the papillary layer made of
connective tissue
40
Describe the reticular layer
irregular
41
What is the reticular layer made of
dense connective tissue rich in collagen
42
What is the function of the reticular layer
protects internal organs
43
What does the reticular layer contain
accessory structures, blood vessels, muscles, sensory nerves
44
What is the deepest layer of the skin
hypodermis
45
What does the hypodermis consist of
fat cells - adipocytes
46
What is the function of the hypodermis
protect against heat loss
47
What are some cutaneous glands
mammary glands, ceruminous glands, sweat glands
48
What causes acne
excess sebum
49
What are the two types of sweat glands
apocrine, merocrine
50
Where are apocrine glands present
armpits
51
What is the function of apocrine glands
secrete sweat
52
Describe the merocrine glands
have a duct that directly secretes into the skin
53
What are the functions of the merocrine glands
responsible for perspiration, thermoregulation
54
What are the functions of the skin as a barrier
prevents infection and entry, biochemical barrier, immunological barrier
55
How is vitamin D3 made
sun
56
What is required for synthesis of provitamin D3
UV
57
Where does provitamin D3 travel to
liver
58
What does vitamin D3 act as
transcription factor
59
What is the function of vitamin D3
anti-tumour proliferation, blocks proliferation

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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