Respiraton

Question 1

What is external respiration

Answer 1

ventilation, gas exchange, transport of gases

Question 2

What are the two zones in the lungs

Answer 2

conducting, respiratory

Question 3

Describe the bronchi

Answer 3

cartilage, keep airways open

Question 4

What is located in the conducting zone

Answer 4

bronchi, bronchioles, nose, oropharynx, pharynx, trachea,

Question 5

Describe the bronchioles

Answer 5

no cartilage, can collapse

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE - gas exchange occurs in the conducting zone

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

What is another name for the conducting zone

Answer 7

dead zone

Question 8

What is the function of the conducting zone

Answer 8

filters, warms, humidifies, conditions incoming air

Question 9

Describe the respiratory zone

Answer 9

huge SA for gas exchange

Question 10

What is located in the respiratory zone

Answer 10

alveolar air spaces, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, mucous layer

Question 11

What are the features of the bronchial wall

Answer 11

cartilage, smooth muscle, mucous glands, elastic tissue

Question 12

What is the function of the smooth muscle in the bronchial wall

Answer 12

controls diameter of airway

Question 13

What is the function of elastic tissue in the bronchial wall

Answer 13

Supports structures

Question 14

What are the features of the respiratory epithelium

Answer 14

ciliated epithelia, goblet cells, sensory nerve endings

Question 15

Where are the respiratory epithelium present

Answer 15

nasal cavity down to alveolar

Question 16

What has more smooth muscle - bronchi or bronchioles

Answer 16

bronchi

Question 17

Why is smooth muscle important in bronchioles

Answer 17

diameter

Question 18

What are the characteristics of the alveoli

Answer 18

large SA, thin walled

Question 19

What surrounds the alveoli

Answer 19

type 1 and 2 pnemuocytes

Question 20

What do type 2 pnemuocytes produce

Answer 20

surfactant

Question 21

What are the two stages of ventilation

Answer 21

inspiration, expiration

Question 22

What is a requirement for inspiration

Answer 22

gas pressure in alveoli must be below gas pressure of atmosphere

Question 23

What muscles does quiet inspiration involve

Answer 23

primary muscles, diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, rib cage moves up

Question 24

What is the effect of quiet inspiration

Answer 24

increases thoracic and lung volume

Question 25

What is Boyle's law

Answer 25

increase in volume - reduces pressure, air moves down pressure gradient

Question 26

What muscles does forced inspiration use

Answer 26

primary and secondary, scalenes, sternocleidomastoids, neck and back muscles, upper respiratory tract

Question 27

Describe quiet inspiration

Answer 27

elastic recoil, passive process, relaxation of external intercostals, diaphragm relaxes

Question 28

What muscles does forced expiration use

Answer 28

accessory muscles, internal intercostals, abdominal, neck and back

Question 29

What is the function of the pleura

Answer 29

prevent lungs from sticking to chest

Question 30

What does the pleura allow

Answer 30

easy expansion, collapse of lungs

Question 31

What are the pleura

Answer 31

two membranes, cavity filled with secretions

Question 32

What is the pressure in the pleura

Answer 32

sub atmospheric

Question 33

What is pneumothorax

Answer 33

collapsed lung or puncture

Question 34

Describe the pressure during pneumothorax

Answer 34

pressure in intrapleural space - equal to atmospheric

Question 35

Describe the intra pleural pressure during inspiration

Answer 35

becomes more negative

Question 36

Describe pressures during expiration

Answer 36

elastic pressures are overcome