GIT PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
Zollinger Ellison - Syndrome
- best diagnostic test
- SECRETIN TEST normal gastrin level should drop
- treatment PPI
acetylcholine increase
- on salivary glands increases salivary secretion increase Ach
- dry mouth decrease Ach
- increases GI motility, colonic motility, small intestine motility (excess Ach)
- detrusor muscle urinary retention (decrease)
- diarrhea
- angle closure glaucoma
- defecation
- constipation (decrease)
tricyclics anti depressant (anticholinergics)
- dry mouth
- urinary retention
- constipation
acetylcholine excess
- Myasthenia Gravis
- nerve gas attack
- crop duster
acetylcholine decrease
- pathologic decrease atropine
- ipatropium bromide
- tricyclic antidepressants
dementia therapy MG drugs
- donepazil
- ribosigmine
- galantimine
IT INCREASE ACETYLCHOLINE IN THE BRAIN
case:
patient on a dementia medication suddenly develops
increase salivation, urination, defecation
mechanism:
- increase acetylcholine in the brain
- acetylcholine increase GI motility, make the detrusor muscle contract
case:
patient with COPD under treatment suddenly develops constipation dry mouth
mechanism:
ipatropium bromide anti cholinergic
dyspnea, caused by asthma
- methacholine stimulation testing
sympathetic (NOREPINEPHRINE)
- GI motility is decreased
- dry decrease secretion
- increase constriction of sphincter
- SLOWS
- DRIES
- DILATES bronchi to increase oxygenation
ASTHMATICS
- treatment increase sympathetic
- beta agonist
- dilates and dries
NE and Epinephrine
- shut down bowels by contraction
- shut down saliva
- open eyes
- open bronchi
- constricts blood vessels to shunt blood from the skin to heart to brain
acetylcholine (parasympathetic)
- increase motility
- increase secretion
- decrease constrictions of sphincters
- AN INCREASE IN PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY PROMOTES DIGESTIVE AND ABSORPTIVE PROCESSES
gastrin- releasing peptide (GRP)
- vagus
- acetylcholine
- vagal stimulation increase salivation and GI motility (STRETCH OF THE STOMACH)
URGE INCONTINENCE (overactive bladder syndrome)
- medications such as antimuscarinic drugs (e.g., darifenacin, hyoscyamine, oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin, trospium, fesoterodine)
- anticholinergic
- SE dry mouth
exocrine
- to the duct
endocrine
- to the blood stream
paracrine
- histamine
secretin
- from the S cells lining the duodenum
- make HCO3 to neutralized the acid (from LIVER and PANCREAS)
pancreas produce mainly
- HCO3 and fluids 80-90% (PPI)
- insulin 1% controls the metabolic rate of cells in the body
CCK
- fats goes to duodenum, duodenal cells makes CCK make the pancreas secrete lipase and the gallbladder makes the bile
- no bile no fat absorption (saponification of the fats) lipase dissolve it for absorption
gallbladder contract
- sphincter of oddi open
1 stimulant for gastrin secretion (parasympathetic)
- distention/stretch of stomach stimulates vagus which makes acetylcholine which secretes gastrin
- GRP
protein peptides
- increase gastrin secretion (predominant product is acid pepsinogen)
- PEPSINOGEN digest protein
