salivary secretion Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
parotid gland
A
- secretion serous (lack mucin)
- thin
2
Q
submandibular and sublingual
A
- mixed mucus and serous
- thick
3
Q
salivary secretion is controlled by
A
- parasympathetic (high volume but thinner) and sympathetic (low volume but thicker) both stimulate saliva secretion
- not under hormonal control
- CHLORIDE PUMP only found in saliva
4
Q
saliva has
A
- low osmolality making saliva hypotonic (NaCl goes out HCO3 comes in)
- HCO3 neutralized acid (acetazolamide inhibit HCO3 going to saliva)
- decrease HCO3 rotting of teeth
- hyposmolar
- if hypertonic won’t be able to taste food
5
Q
GI
A
- sympathetic low action
- parasympathetic increase action
6
Q
HIV transfer in saliva is not possible due to
A
- IgA neutralizes infection
7
Q
sjogren syndrome (autoimmune disease)
A
- attacking salivary and lacrimal ducts
- dry eyes, dyspareunia, loose teeth
8
Q
saliva
A
- amylase and lipase to taste better and for better digestion (though its not necessary for life no like in pancreas)
9
Q
gastric mucosa secrete
A
- highly viscous alkaline fluid (mucin plus HCO3)
- for protection from HCL
10
Q
NSAIDS such aspirin
A
- decrease secretion of mucin and HCO3
- by inhibiting prostaglandin (from stretch)
11
Q
gastic pH
A
- 1.0 more acid than the blood
12
Q
stretch/distension
A
- makes the acids (ACh, gastrin etc.)
13
Q
parietal cells
A
- HCL
- intrinsic factor combines with vitamin B12
- reabsorbed in distal ileum
14
Q
chief cells
A
- pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by H+
- pepsin begins the digestion of protein
15
Q
mucous neck cells
A
- secrete the protective mucus, HCO3 combination
16
Q
pepsin
A
- not essential for life
17
Q
intrinsic factor
A
- only content of stomach that is essential for life
18
Q
pernicious anemia
A
- intrinsic factor
19
Q
substances that stimulate PARIETAL CELLS
A
- ACETYLCHOLINE acting as a transmitter (neural)
- HISTAMINE (paracrine)
- GASTRIN (hormonal)
20
Q
H2 blockers
A
- ranitidine
- cimetidine
- famotidine
CAUSE A 65% OF REDUCTION OF ACID (2/3)
reason for H2 blockers are partially effective because there are still gastrin and ACh but histamine potentiate the other 2
21
Q
somatostatin inhibits the
A
- parietal cells
22
Q
the highest pH in the body is the
A
- venous blood leaving the stomach
- alkaline tide
23
Q
site of action of PPI
A
- H/K-ATPase
- PPI is much effective than H2 blockers
24
Q
pancreas is a
A
- HCO3 PRODUCING ORGAN
- 2-3 L/day
- makes trypsin
- major product is HCO3
25
trypsinogen to trypsin
- enterokinase (in the wall of the duodenum)
26
chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin (endopeptidase)
- trypsin
27
procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase (exopeptidase)
- trypsin
28
lipACE
amylACE
has the same starch linkages/same bond
- ACE are secreted ACTIVE
29
```
chymotrypsinOGEN
trypsinOGEN
pancreatic protease (aka zymOGEN)
pepsinOGEN
have different protein linkages/bonds
```
- OGEN are secreted INACTIVE
30
premature activation of TRYPSINOGEN
- it the etiology of PANCREATITIS
| - alcoholic patient with severe epigastric pain nausea vomiting
31
pancreas makes
- inactive digestive enzymes
32
pancreas
- 80-90% is a duct exocrine
- 2% is beta cells
- 8% arteries, veins, nerves connective tissues
33
pancreas
- 80-90% exocrine duct
- product 2-3L/day
- product HCO3
34
pancreatic secretions
- most regulation is controlled via two hormones
- secretin
- cholecystokinin
35
secretin
- main action is to neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum
- release of fluid high in HCO3
- is in response mostly in acid
36
cholecystokinin
- action on the pancreas is the release of enzyme (amylase, lipase, proteases)
- is in response mostly in fat
- stimulates the release of trypsin
37
salivary
- neural
| - vagal stimulation
38
stomach
- mixed
- gastrin (hormonal)
- vagal stimulation (neural)
- histamine (paracrine)
