Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 1

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Question 2

True or False: Gluconeogenesis primarily occurs in the liver.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which organ is the primary site for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The primary substrates for gluconeogenesis include lactate, glycerol, and _______.

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

What is the main purpose of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 5

To maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or intense exercise.

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

Answer 6

Glucagon

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a substrate for gluconeogenesis? A) Lactate B) Glycerol C) Fatty acids D) Amino acids

Answer 7

C) Fatty acids

Question 8

What is the first step of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 8

Conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.

Question 9

True or False: Gluconeogenesis is the reverse of glycolysis.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What enzyme converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 10

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The final product of gluconeogenesis is _______.

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

What is the role of biotin in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 12

Biotin acts as a cofactor for the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key regulatory step in gluconeogenesis? A) Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate B) Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate C) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA D) Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glucose-6-phosphate

Answer 13

B) Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

Question 14

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis?

Answer 14

Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis.

Question 15

True or False: Gluconeogenesis occurs in both the cytosol and mitochondria.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the role of the Cori cycle in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

The Cori cycle helps recycle lactate produced in anaerobic glycolysis back into glucose.

Question 17

Name one amino acid that can be converted to glucose through gluconeogenesis.

Answer 17

Alanine

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Gluconeogenesis is especially important during _______ periods.

Answer 18

fasting

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate?

Answer 19

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Question 20

Multiple Choice: What is the primary energy source for gluconeogenesis? A) ATP B) NADH C) GTP D) FADH2

Answer 20

A) ATP

Question 21

What is the function of glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 21

To convert glucose-6-phosphate to free glucose.

Question 22

True or False: Gluconeogenesis can occur in muscle tissue.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process of gluconeogenesis is especially active in the _______.

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

What happens to gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting?

Answer 24

It increases to provide glucose for vital organs.

Question 25

Which pathway provides oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 25

The TCA cycle (Krebs cycle)

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Gluconeogenesis is regulated by the availability of _______.

Answer 26

substrates

Question 27

What is the main difference between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in terms of ATP usage?

Answer 27

Gluconeogenesis consumes more ATP than glycolysis produces.

Question 28

True or False: Lactate is a product of gluconeogenesis.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the role of NADH in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 29

NADH is used in the reduction reactions during gluconeogenesis.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions stimulates gluconeogenesis? A) High insulin levels B) Low blood glucose levels C) High ATP levels D) Low glucagon levels

Answer 30

B) Low blood glucose levels

Question 31

What is the relationship between gluconeogenesis and the Krebs cycle?

Answer 31

Gluconeogenesis utilizes intermediates from the Krebs cycle.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase requires _______ as a cofactor.

Answer 32

biotin

Question 33

True or False: Gluconeogenesis can occur in adipose tissue.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

What is the significance of the 'futile cycle' in metabolism?

Answer 34

It refers to the simultaneous occurrence of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, which is energetically wasteful.

Question 35

Multiple Choice: Which substrate can be directly converted to glucose? A) Lactate B) Acetyl-CoA C) Fatty acids D) Glycogen

Answer 35

D) Glycogen

Question 36

What is the role of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 36

It inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, thus regulating gluconeogenesis.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The primary function of gluconeogenesis is to _______ glucose levels in the blood.

Answer 37

increase

Question 38

True or False: Gluconeogenesis requires less energy than glycolysis.

Answer 38

False