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BIOCHEMISTRY > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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2
Q

True or False: DNA is typically single-stranded.

A

False

double stranded

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: RNA stands for _____ acid.

A

ribonucleic

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4
Q

What is the primary function of DNA?

A

To store genetic information

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5
Q

Which nucleic acid is responsible for protein synthesis?

A

RNA

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6
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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7
Q

True or False: RNA contains thymine.

A

False

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8
Q

What base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A

Uracil

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9
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The sugar in DNA is _____ sugar.

A

deoxyribose

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11
Q

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

A

Double helix

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12
Q

True or False: Both DNA and RNA have the same four nitrogenous bases.

A

False

DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil

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13
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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14
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

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16
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

To form the core of ribosome structure and catalyze protein synthesis

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17
Q

True or False: DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.

A

True

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The complementary base pair for adenine in DNA is _____

A

Thymine

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19
Q

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides known as _____

A

Codons

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21
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication.

A

True

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22
Q

What type of RNA contains the anticodon?

A

tRNA

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA?

A

Storing genetic information

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The two strands of DNA are oriented in _____ direction.

A

Antiparallel

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25
True or False: RNA can form secondary structures.
True
26
Fill in the blank: The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of information from _____ to _____ to _____
DNA to RNA to protein
27
What is the wobble position in the context of molecular biology?
the third nucleotide in a codon that can vary without changing the amino acid it codes for.
28
True or False: The wobble position allows for a greater flexibility in codon-anticodon pairing.
True
29
Fill in the blank: The wobble position primarily affects the __________ of a codon.
third nucleotide
30
Which of the following codons uses the wobble position: AUC, AUG, or UAA?
AUC
31
Explain the significance of the wobble position in protein synthesis.
The wobble position allows for the genetic code to be more efficient and reduces the impact of mutations, as multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
32
Who are the two scientists credited with the discovery of the DNA double helix structure?
James Watson and Francis Crick
33
True or False: Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images were crucial in understanding the structure of DNA.
True
34
Fill in the blank: Watson and Crick published their DNA model in the journal __________ in 1953.
Nature
35
What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to capture images of DNA?
X-ray crystallography
36
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the contribution of Rosalind Franklin to the DNA structure discovery? A) She discovered DNA's function, B) She provided critical experimental data, C) She created the first DNA model, D) She was not involved.
B) She provided critical experimental data
37
What type of organisms have prokaryotic DNA?
Bacteria and Archaea
38
What type of organisms have eukaryotic DNA?
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists
39
True or False: Prokaryotic DNA is linear.
False ## Footnote circular
40
Where is prokaryotic DNA located within the cell?
In the nucleoid region
41
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic DNA is organized into __________.
Chromosomes
42
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
True
43
What is the primary DNA packaging protein in eukaryotes?
Histones
44
How many origins of replication are typically found in eukaryotic DNA?
Multiple
45
True or False: Prokaryotic DNA contains introns.
False
46
What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
They carry additional genetic information.
47
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells undergo __________ to divide their DNA during cell division.
Mitosis
48
How does the size of prokaryotic genomes generally compare to eukaryotic genomes?
Prokaryotic genomes are generally smaller.
49
What is the primary method of gene transfer in prokaryotes?
Horizontal gene transfer
50
True or False: Eukaryotic DNA is usually associated with a higher level of complexity than prokaryotic DNA.
True
51
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic DNA is located in the __________.
Nucleus
52
What is the role of telomeres in eukaryotic DNA?
They protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration.
53
True or False: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.
True
54
What type of genetic material can be found in some prokaryotes besides chromosomal DNA?
Plasmids
55
How many sets of chromosomes do diploid eukaryotic cells have?
Two sets
56
What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?
Both use DNA as their genetic material.
57
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA that has been artificially formed by combining constituents from different organisms.
58
True or False: Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce insulin.
True
59
Fill in the blank: The process of inserting recombinant DNA into a host cell is called __________.
transformation
60
What enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
Restriction enzyme
61
Which organism was first used in recombinant DNA technology?
Bacteria
62
What is a plasmid?
A small circular DNA molecule that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
63
Multiple Choice: What is the main purpose of using recombinant DNA technology?
To create genetically modified organisms.
64
True or False: Recombinant DNA can be used to produce vaccines.
True
65
What is the role of ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
To join DNA fragments together.
66
Fill in the blank: The first successful recombinant DNA experiment was conducted by __________.
Paul Berg
67
What is gene cloning?
The process of making multiple copies of a specific gene.
68
True or false: a plasmid is a vector commonly used in recombinant DNA technology
true
69
True or False: Recombinant DNA technology can only be used in plants.
False
70
What is the significance of the 'gene of interest' in recombinant DNA?
It is the specific gene that is being inserted or manipulated.
71
Fill in the blank: Recombinant DNA technology has applications in __________, agriculture, and medicine.
biotechnology
72
What is transgenic organism?
An organism that has been genetically modified to contain DNA from another species.
73
True or False: All recombinant DNA products are safe for human use.
False
74
What is the purpose of using antibiotic resistance markers in recombinant DNA?
To identify successfully transformed cells.
75
Fill in the blank: The ethical concerns surrounding recombinant DNA technology often involve __________.
genetic modification

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