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Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lipids?

A

a diverse group of hydrophobic organic molecules that are insoluble in water.

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2
Q

True or False: Lipids serve as a major source of energy in the body.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The main types of lipids include _____, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.

A

fatty acids

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4
Q

What is the primary function of triglycerides?

A

energy storage molecules.

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5
Q

Which type of lipid forms the bilayer of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

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6
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a type of lipid? A) Cholesterol B) Glucose C) Phospholipid

A

B) Glucose

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8
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

A

a precursor for steroid hormones and helps maintain cell membrane fluidity

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9
Q

True or False: Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

A

True

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10
Q

What is a key characteristic of phospholipids?

A

hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ are lipids that play a critical role in signaling within and between cells.

A

Steroids

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12
Q

What distinguishes essential fatty acids from non-essential fatty acids?

A

Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

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13
Q

True or False: All lipids are solid at room temperature.

A

False

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14
Q

What are waxes, and where are they commonly found?

A

Waxes are long-chain fatty acids that are solid at room temperature and are commonly found in protective coatings on plants and animals.

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15
Q

What are lipids primarily composed of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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16
Q

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

A

False

soluble

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Lipids can be classified into three main groups: __________, phospholipids, and sterols.

A

triglycerides

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18
Q

True or False: All lipids are fats.

A

False

not all lipids are fats; some are oils and waxes.

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19
Q

Short Answer: What is one health-related function of lipids in the body?

A

Lipids are important for hormone production.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: Saturated fats are typically __________ at room temperature.

A

solid

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of lipid is known for being liquid at room temperature? A) Saturated fats B) Unsaturated fats C) Waxes

A

B) Unsaturated fats

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22
Q

What is saponification?

A

the chemical reaction that occurs when fats or oils are mixed with an alkali, resulting in the formation of soap.

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23
Q

True or False: Saponification can only occur with animal fats.

A

False

Saponification can occur with both animal fats and vegetable oils.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The alkali commonly used in the saponification process is ______.

A

sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH)

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25
Which of the following is a product of saponification? A) Glycerol B) Alcohol C) Sugar
A) Glycerol
26
What is the role of the alkali in the saponification process?
The alkali acts as a catalyst, breaking down the triglycerides in fats or oils into fatty acids and glycerol.
27
What are the three main types of lipids?
Structural lipids, signaling lipids, and storage lipids.
28
True or False: Phospholipids are a type of structural lipid.
True.
29
Fill in the blank: __________ are lipids that serve as energy reserves.
Storage lipids.
30
What is the primary function of signaling lipids?
To act as messengers in cellular communication.
31
Which type of lipid is primarily found in cell membranes?
Structural lipids.
32
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of signaling lipid? A) Steroids B) Phospholipids C) Eicosanoids
B) Phospholipids.
33
True or False: Cholesterol is a type of structural lipid.
True.
34
What role do sphingolipids play in the body?
They are involved in cell signaling and structural functions in membranes.
35
Fill in the blank: The __________ backbone is common in many structural lipids.
Glycerol.
36
What are eicosanoids derived from?
Arachidonic acid.
37
Multiple choice: Which lipid is primarily responsible for the formation of lipid bilayers? A) Triglycerides B) Phospholipids C) Cholesterol
B) Phospholipids.
38
True or False: Phospholipids contain fatty acids and a phosphate group.
True.
39
Fill in the blank: __________ serve as precursors to signaling molecules.
Fatty acids.
40
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of signaling lipids? A) They are primarily for energy storage B) They mediate cellular responses C) They are structural components of membranes
B) They mediate cellular responses.
41
True or False: Phosphatidylinositol is a type of signaling lipid.
True.
42
What is the role of lipid rafts in cell membranes?
They organize signaling molecules and facilitate cellular communication.
43
Fill in the blank: __________ are often found in animal fats and are solid at room temperature.
Saturated fats.
44
What is the main structural difference between trans and cis unsaturated fatty acids?
In trans unsaturated fatty acids, the hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond, while in cis unsaturated fatty acids, they are on the same side.
45
True or False: Trans fatty acids are generally considered healthier than cis fatty acids.
False
46
Fill in the blank: Trans fatty acids are often found in ________ processed foods.
partially hydrogenated
47
Which type of unsaturated fatty acid is more commonly found in natural fats?
Cis unsaturated fatty acids
48
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common health risk associated with high intake of trans fatty acids? A) Improved heart health B) Increased cholesterol levels C) Enhanced immune function
B) Increased cholesterol levels
49
True or False: Unsaturated fatty acids are more stable/have higher MPs than saturated fatty acids and cause rigidness in the membrane
False
50
What is the primary function of fatty acids in the body?
The primary function of fatty acids is to provide energy and serve as building blocks for cell membranes.
51
which reaction causes the formation of triglycerides?
dehydration synthesis
52
True or false: H2O can react w/ a triglyceride to form a glycerol an 3 fatty acids through ketogenesis
false ## Footnote hydrolysis
53
* estradiol * a type of estrogen * primary female sex hormone
54
* testosterone * a type of androgen * primary male sex hormone
55
* cortisol * used to reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune system
56
when stress levels are _______, cortisol levels will be _______
high; high
57
* aldosterone * produced by aldrenal glands * regulates blood pressure * maintains electrolyte balance
58
* cholesterol * main component of lipid bilayer * amphipatic * maintains fluidity * precursor to steroids, vitamin D, and bile salts * carried by LDL/HDL into the bloodstream
59
which steroid manages the levels of sodium and potassium in your blood?
aldosterone
60
steroids are secreted by _______ into the _____
endocrine glands; bloodstream
61
what components increase fluidity?
increase in USFAs, increase in cis USFAs, and increase in shorter chains
62
True or false: sex steroids are secreted by adrenal glands
false ## Footnote secreted from the gonads
63
corticosteroids are secreted by the pituitary glands
false ## Footnote secreted by adrenal glands
64
which steroids are sex steroids?
estradiol and testosterone
65
which steroids are corticosteroids?
cortisol and aldosterone
66
What is the backbone structure of steroids?
A four-ring carbon structure.
67
What are waxes primarily composed of?
Waxes are primarily composed of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols.
68
True or False: Waxes are typically solid at room temperature.
True
69
What property of waxes makes them useful for waterproofing?
Waxes have hydrophobic properties, making them resistant to water.
70
waxes have _______ MPs, _______ BPs, and _______ functional groups
high; high; multiple
71
What are eicosanoids derived from?
Eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid.
72
True or False: Eicosanoids play a role in inflammatory responses.
True
73
Fill in the blank: Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and _______.
thromboxanes
74
Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids? A) Hormonal regulation B) Cell signaling C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
75
True or false: vitamins can only be water soluble
false ## Footnote vitamins can both be water and fat soluble
76
what are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K

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