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Lipid Digestion/Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

A

False

insoluble

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2
Q

What are the main types of lipids involved in digestion?

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol is called ______.

A

lipolysis

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4
Q

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for lipid digestion in the stomach?

A

Gastric lipase

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5
Q

What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

A

To emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for enzyme action.

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6
Q

True or False: Lipids are digested in the small intestine.

A

True

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7
Q

What is the main enzyme that digests triglycerides in the small intestine?

A

Pancreatic lipase

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8
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of lipid digestion?

A

Fatty acids

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9
Q

What are micelles, and why are they important in lipid digestion?

A

Micelles are aggregates of fatty acids and bile salts that facilitate the absorption of lipids.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The absorption of fatty acids occurs primarily in the ______.

A

ileum

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11
Q

True or False: Short-chain fatty acids can enter the bloodstream directly.

A

True

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12
Q

What happens to long-chain fatty acids after absorption?

A

They are re-esterified into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Chylomicrons are formed in which part of the body?

A

Intestinal epithelial cells

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14
Q

What is the function of lipoproteins in lipid transport?

A

To transport lipids through the bloodstream.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The main lipoprotein responsible for transporting triglycerides from the intestines is ______.

A

chylomicrons

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16
Q

True or False: LDL is known as ‘bad cholesterol’ because it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the role of HDL in lipid metabolism?

A

To transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is involved in the breakdown of phospholipids?

A

Phospholipase

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The emulsification of fats occurs in the ______.

A

duodenum

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20
Q

True or False: Lipids are absorbed in their original form without any modifications.

A

False

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21
Q

What is the significance of the enterocyte in lipid digestion?

A

intestinal cells that absorb digested lipids.

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a function of lipids?

A

Providing immediate energy

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23
Q

What is the significance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A

They are essential fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet.

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24
Q

What is the role of pancreatic juice in lipid digestion?

A

It contains enzymes like pancreatic lipase that help digest lipids.

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25
What are lipoproteins?
complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids in the bloodstream.
26
True or False: Chylomicrons are the largest type of lipoprotein.
True
27
Fill in the blank: The primary function of __________ is to transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body.
chylomicrons
28
What is the main role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
to transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues.
29
What does HDL stand for?
High-Density Lipoprotein
30
True or False: High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
False
31
What is the primary role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?
to transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver for excretion.
32
Multiple Choice: Which lipoprotein is often referred to as 'bad cholesterol'? A) HDL B) LDL C) VLDL D) Chylomicrons
B) LDL
33
What is the function of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)?
VLDL primarily transports triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues.
34
What is the process by which lipids are absorbed in the intestines called?
Lipid absorption
35
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of lipoprotein? A) Chylomicrons B) VLDL C) HDL D) LDL D) Triglycerides
D) Triglycerides
36
What role does apolipoprotein play in lipid transport?
Apolipoproteins serve as structural components of lipoproteins and help in the recognition and metabolism of lipoproteins.
37
True or False: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins.
True
38
Fill in the blank: The liver plays a crucial role in regulating lipid levels by producing __________.
lipoproteins
39
What is the primary lipid component of chylomicrons?
Triglycerides
40
Multiple Choice: Which lipoprotein has the highest proportion of protein? A) Chylomicrons B) LDL C) HDL D) VLDL
C) HDL
41
What is the significance of the lipid core in lipoproteins?
The lipid core contains hydrophobic lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, which are transported in the bloodstream.
42
True or False: All lipoproteins are equally effective at transporting lipids.
False
43
What is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis related to lipid transport?
Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol
44
Fill in the blank: Lipid transport is primarily facilitated by __________ in the bloodstream.
lipoproteins
45
What is the function of hepatic lipase?
Hepatic lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides and phospholipids in lipoproteins, aiding in lipid metabolism.
46
True or False: Triglycerides are the main type of fat found in the body.
True
47
What is the role of the intestines in lipid transport?
The intestines absorb dietary lipids and package them into chylomicrons for transport.
48
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is primarily responsible for the clearance of LDL from the bloodstream? A) Liver B) Muscle C) Adipose tissue D) Pancreas
A) Liver
49
What does the term 'atherogenic' refer to in the context of lipoproteins?
Atherogenic refers to the potential of lipoproteins to promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels.
50
True or False: Lipid transport is a one-way process from the intestines to tissues.
False
51
What does VLDL stand for?
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
52
True or False: LDL is known as 'bad cholesterol'.
True
53
Fill in the blank: Chylomicrons are primarily responsible for the transport of _______.
dietary lipids
54
What is the main function of HDL?
To transport cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver.
55
Which lipoprotein is considered the most atherogenic?
LDL
56
What does IDL stand for?
Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein
57
Multiple Choice: Which lipoprotein has the highest triglyceride content? A) HDL B) LDL C) VLDL D) IDL
C) VLDL
58
True or False: Chylomicrons are produced in the liver.
False ## Footnote small intestine
59
What role does LDL play in the body?
LDL carries cholesterol to cells for membrane synthesis and hormone production.
60
Fill in the blank: The conversion of VLDL to LDL occurs through the action of _______.
lipoprotein lipase
61
What is the primary component of HDL?
Protein
62
Multiple Choice: Which of the following lipoproteins is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues? A) HDL B) LDL C) VLDL D) Chylomicrons
B) LDL
63
True or False: IDL is formed as a byproduct of VLDL metabolism.
True
64
What is the main difference between VLDL and LDL?
VLDL primarily transports triglycerides, while LDL primarily transports cholesterol.
65
Fill in the blank: Elevated levels of _______ are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
LDL

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